Regular Psychology Final Review DJC


  • Amygdala- Part of limbic system (emotion) 

  • Arousal theory- A certain level of stimulation (motivation to keep those levels) 

  • Autonomic nervous system- self regulating, part of peripheral nervous system, regulates things like heart rate

  • BF skinner- connected with Operant conditioning (behavior followed by consequence)

  • Basal metabolic rate- body's resting energy output rage (resting rate of energy) 

  • Central nervous system consists of- Brain and spinal cord 

  • Chemical sense- Smell & taste

  • Classical conditioning- involuntary learning (ivan pavlov), involuntary reaction Ex the dog and bell, salvation when hearing bell

  • Conditioned Response CR- after we learn something we are conditioned, Bell ringing getting up to leave, or bell ringing causing salvation, LEARNED response 

  • Conditioned stimulus CS- the bell, kinda replaces food for a response 

  • Cones- (color) in our eye (focia) center part, responsible for final visual acuity seeing something clear, Color blind people have problems with their cones not working

  • Discrimination- not relevant/important,exL giving albert a ball (not fluffy) so he discriminates it

  • Drive reduction theory- motivation to suppress a need, hunger

  • Eardrum- the sound travels to the eardrum, it's like the gateway between the outer and middle ear

  • Endocrine system- series of glands throughout the body, regulated by hypothalamus

  • Most influential gland- Pituitary gland, aka master gland 

  • Frontal lobe- Responsible for Judgement and decision making, planning

  • Generalization- First animals, then anything furry, broadening to similar things (lil albert fearing any fluffy, originally just animals)

  • Hormones- runs through the endocrine systems (chemical messengers) Through our bloodstream

  • Humanistic perspective/ psychology- Perspective believes all people have the ability to reach a higher potential and free will, some won't tho because that’s free will, but we can all push ourselves (Abraham Maslow) Its kinda a parent sort of perspective 

  • Hypothalamus- regulates & oversees endocrine system, Bodies maintenance regulator, 

  • Immune system- make sure to take of it, if it shuts down/not working, we might be susceptible to illness, important to always improve (Affected by stress) 

    • To improve immune system

      • Reduce stress

      • Connect with friends/ people/ family 

      • Make friends

      • Relax

      • Relax techniques

      • Yoga

  • Insulin- hormone secreted by pancreas- Controls that blood glucose (blood sugar)

  • Iris- Muscle, changes to let light in, What controls the size of pupils, (the color part, gets bigger and smaller depending on light)

  • Ivan Pavlov- associated with classical conditioning

  • Kinesthesis- A sense of the body, if you close your eyes you know where your body is (knowing about body position and motion of the body) 

  • Lens- Behind iris & Retna, responsible for focusing vision, like (contact lens/ glasses) keeps objects in focus

  • Little Albert- Lil kid that became fearful of furry things, associated furry things with big load sound  (John Watson)

  • Maslow's hierarchy of news, know it all, and levels “what's the first element” “where would helping others be place on the hierarchy” - do this on paper 

  • Medulla- Part of brain stem responsible for breathing and heartbeat NEED IT TO LIVE

  • Methods to study brain- EEG (sleep study for electrical activity) , CAT scan, MRI (structure of brain)(x-ray), PET scan, FMRI (Function of brain)

  • MOTOR Cortex- back of frontal lobe, all movement goes here (motor) 

  • Myelin- material that wraps around axon to protect it helping transmission 

  • Negative punishment- Taking away something you LIKE, If we got a speeding ticket, tell parents, they take away what we like (license) 

    • Taking away something we LIKE

  • Neo-Freudians- People that follow Freud's ideas but more focus on social interactions not much the sexual aspects (More about socialization)

  • Neuron- basic building block of nervous system

  • Neurotransmitter- chemical that goes through the neuron

  • Neutral stimulus NS- Meaningless stimulus, no response to, EX the bell originally in Pavlov's experiment Which became the CS

  • Obesity- leads to a lot of health problems, Static/ grain weight affects blood pressure high blood pressure, type 2 diabetes, 

  • Observational learning- watching something and learning, EX watching cooking, watching violent TV, etc (Children watch and imitate) 

  • Occipital lobe- Back of brain, responsible for vision (visual cortex), if damaged could result in blindness 

  • Operant conditioning- voluntary learning, behavior and consequence for every behavior you do

  • Pancreas- secretes insulin, controlling blood glucose 

  • Parietal Lobe- top of brain  (for senses) (behind sensory cortex) 

  • Ear- auditory canal, ear drum, oval window, coclia, auditory cortex

  • Parts of eyes- pupil, lens, irius, basal ganglia cells, etc

  • Neuron- Dendrite, cell body, axon(Myelin covered), terminal branches

  • Personality- various traits that make you who you are

  • Pituitary gland- Master gland, influential, produces growth hormones, regulates other glands

  • Positive punishment- ADDING something you don't like, more chores

  • Positive reinforcement- ADDING something you like, Ex $10

  • Projective tests- not reasonable or valid (subjective) 

  • Psychoanalytic perspective- finding the unconscious mind (Sigmund Freud) with ties to childhood 

  • Punishment- big no sees increase in fear and anger, something bad happening as a result of a behavior, way of controlling behavior but doesn’t work that well

  • Reinforcement- (+/-) we are attempting to increase its behavior 

  • Rods-  Black and White (perifical) 

  • Sensory cortex- In front of parietal lobe, process sensory input

  • Temporal lobe- Responsible for hearing

  • Thyroid- Gland in endocrine system (Neck) involved in metabolism

  • Unconditioned response (UR)-  involuntary & automatic, ex:salivation, a natural response to the meat 

  • Unconditioned stimulus (US)-  meat in pavlov's example, any stimulus that creates a response, causes UR

  • Visual cortex- Part of brain responsible vision




  • First layer of Hierarchy- Physiological Needs (food/water)

  • 2nd layer of Hierarchy- Safety needs (shelter, locks, community, neighborhood)

  • 3rd layer of Hierarchy- belonging & love (community, to love and be loved, be a part of… ) 

  • 4th layer of Hierarchy- Esteemed Needs (Independence, confidence, good grades) 

  • 5th layer of Hierarchy- Self Actualization (Reaching one's fullest potential) 

  • 6th layer of Hierarchy- Self Transcendence (Helping others, volunteering, finding meaning outside oneself) 

  • Nature Vs Nurture

    • Ultimate question on what makes you you, its found to be a several mix of both nature and nurture

    • Explain how the study of twins, adopted kids & and how it helps us understand this dilemma 

Maslow's hierarchy of needs, you'll draw, relate to you, 

Why we study twins, how it tells us (Nature Vs Nurture)