BACE, Biotech BACE Exam (2026) UPDATE Verified Questions And Answers | With 100% Correct Answers graded A+ Guaranteed Success!!

Heat-stable DNA polymerase

polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

Restriction enzymes (example: EcoRI)

digestion DNA

Horizontal gel electrophoresis box

running DNA gels

Vertical gel electrophoresis box

Running protein gels (PAGE)

DNA ligase

joining pieces of DNA

Measuring protein or DNA concentration

spectrophotometer

E. coli is an example of a eukaryote.

False

Cell theory states

All life forms are made from one or more cells.

Cells only arise from pre-existing cells.

The cell is the smallest form of life.

Ensure that all products meet standards of quality in manufacturing process.

Quality of Assurance (QA)

Identify candidate biopharmaceutical drugs.

Research and development

Make commercial quantities of a biopharmaceutical drug.

Manufactoring

Which bacterial cell component is commonly isolated and used to digest DNA?

Restriction enzyme

Which structure regulates the flow of molecules into and out of the cell?

Plasma membrane

Where is the energy in adenosine triphosphate (ATP)?

Phosphate bonds

Monoclonal antibodies for scientific research can be produced in human cells.

True

The bi-product carbon dioxide benefits the brewing and baking industries. Carbon dioxide is produced by microorganisms, usually yeast, that obtain their energy by:

Anaerobic respiration

Respiration is the breaking down of food molecules with the result of generating energy for the cell

True

Glucose is a:

Monosaccharide

Which solution is the most concentrated?

50 µg/µL

When DNA replicates, each original strand of DNA serves as a template for a new strand. This is called what type of replication?

Semi-conservative replication

The nucleotide strands of DNA are oriented in opposite directions in a structure that is described as:

Anti-parallel

Made of four nitrogenous bases and a double helix structure of repeating nucleotides

all DNA

Linear, very long pieces of DNA with many thousands of genes and contained in a nucleus

Eukaryotic DNA

Long, circular DNA with several thousand genes

prokaryotic DNA

Small rings of DNA with only a few genes and floating in the cytoplasm

Plasmid DNA

In DNA double helix, the two DNA chains are held together by:

Hydrogen bonds between the pair of bases

How do the DNA molecules in various species differ from one another?

The number of genes and non-coding regions.

Regarding the out of conformance water bath, select the most appropriate course of action for the technician.

Report the problem to QA or individual in charge of repair, and place an "Out of Service" label on the water bath.

Why are enzyme solutions always prepared using a buffered solvent at a specific pH?

A buffered solvent is resistant to fluctuations in pH, because it is made with a combination of a weak acid and its conjugate base. Enzymes lose function outside of a narrow pH range.

Why does increasing the temperature of the reactants increase the rate of a chemical reaction?

Heat energy causes the particles of the reactants to move faster, and therefore react with each other more frequently

Naturally occurring enzymes involved with DNA replication, and which are also used as tools in biotechnology, include:

DNA Polymerase and DNA Ligase

Primary (1⁰) structure

Amino acids linked together by peptide bonds

Secondary (2⁰) structure

Three dimensional polypetide with alpha helices and beta sheets due to hydrogen bonding

Tertiary (3⁰) structure

Final three dimensional 3D shape

Quaternary (4⁰) structure

Multipolypeptides forming a larger complex protein

Select the letter that represents the correct order of assembly in the cell:

amino acid, polypeptide, protein

Why does the rate of a chemical reaction increase with increasing temperature?

Increased temperature increases the frequency of collisions between molecules

If a structural gene's code is "TAC ATG CCC TTA ATC," what will the mRNA transcript be?

AUG UAC GGG AAU UAG

During the process of translation:

mRNA is translated into proteins.

Where does translation take place in prokaryotes?

At the ribosomes

Determining the presence of a specific protein

ELISA

Determining the size and purity of a specific protein

SDS PAGE

Determining the time period protein remains active

Stability

Determining the amount of a protein present

Spectrophotometer

Determining the protein's activity

Enzyme activity

Identification of a DNA sequence unique to a specific virus

Genetic

Genetically altered bacteria that can breakdown and consume oil

Enviromental

Genetically engineered crops that tolerate environmental stresses, such as extreme temperature

Agricultural

Genetically engineered cells that make treatments for disease

Biopharmeceutical

Which of the following are advantages to treating diabetics with genetically engineered human insulin, rather than pig or cow insulin?

There is less chance of an immune response to the human insulin.

Ethical issues are avoided concerning the use of animals.

It is a more efficient process to purify insulin from yeast or bacteria cultures than it is from animal organs

"Bioethics" is best described as:

The study of decision making as it applies to moral decisions that must be made due to advances in biology and technology.

Which of the following are permitted in the laboratory?

Eye glasses

Which of the following is NOT part of manufacturing a biopharmaceutical drug?

EPA review

cGMP is an abbreviation used in the pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical industry, and stands for:

Current Good Manufacturing Practices

Which of the following is a critical function of Quality Assurance (QA) personnel?

Maintain and control documentation for regulatory compliance

The agency responsible for regulating biopharmaceutical drugs for use in humans is:

Food & Drug Administration (FDA)

What is the chance a child will be born with cystic fibrosis (a homozygous recessive trait (aa)) if both the mother and father are heterozygous (Aa)?

25% chance of having the disorder.

The observable traits of an organism are referred to as the:

Phenotype

If DNA segments changes from GGTTAG to GGATAG this is a:

Nucleotide base substitution

The type of cell division in which haploid gametes are produced is called

Meiosis

Humans have two copies of each chromosome, and therefore are:

Diploid

Carbohydrates

Example: Cellulose. Functions: Energy storage, receptors, structure of plant cell wall.

Proteins

Enzymes. function: Structure,receptors,transport

Nucleic acids

RNA.Functions :Information storage and transfer

Lipids

Example: Hormones. Functions: Membrane structure, energy storage, insulation.

Imagine you have been given a preparation of genomic DNA that contains a gene that you would like to transfer into a plasmid. On either side of the gene is a restriction site for the restriction enzyme EcoRI.

The genomic DNA has already been cut with the restriction enzyme HindIII, which does not cut with in the gene of interest. The plasmid has a single restriction site for EcoRI, but none for HindIII.

Which of the strategies below could be used for ligating the genomic DNA into the EcoRI site in the plasmid?

Cut the genomic DNA again with EcoRI and insert the DNA fragment into the plasmid cut with EcoRI.

How many grams is 2.6kg?

2600

Plasmid DNA is purified using anion exchange column chromatography. Why?

Because DNA is negatively charged, binds to the positively charged resin, and is eluted with increasing salt.

Following a restriction digest of plasmid DNA, you anticipate having of 4 DNA fragments that are very close in size (between 700 and 1000 bp). Which of the following will increase the chances for good separation on an agarose gel, so that you may visualize both bands on the gel?

Use a higher percentage of agarose (1.5 % or higher) when making the gel

Which of the following will change the resistance of the electrophoresis unit being run at a constant voltage?

Amount of buffer,

Thickness of agarose gel and

Percentage of agarose in gel

Which of the following principle(s) result in DNA molecules being separated on an agarose gel?

DNA moves toward the positive electrode due to negative charge of phosphate backbone and DNA fragments are separated in the gel matrix based on their size

The negative electrode terminal is located:

At the top of the gel (closest to wells)

Staining with Coomassie Blue

Visualizing proteins after PAGE

Adding loading dye to protein samples

Visualizing samples for loading into wells, and monitoring sample migration during PAGE

Adding a molecular weight (MW) standard to an empty well

Determining the relative sizes of the samples run during PAGE

Adding SDS to the sample buffer and the PAGE running buffer

Coating the sample proteins with an negative charge and denaturing them

To focus a specimen on a microscope, it is best to start with which objective?

Low power

The difference in hydrogen ion concentration between a solution of pH 4.00 and a solution of pH 6.00 is:

100-fold

How does a buffer resist pH change upon the addition of an acidic or basic components?

It reacts with the excess H+ or OH- ions in the solution

Below is a DNA sequence that you are trying to amplify from a genomic DNA sample. Evaluate the appropriateness of using the potential primer (below the DNA strand) to amplify the specific sequence of DNA.

Sequence of interest: 3'-ACATGCTGCTGCTGGTCACAAGTCAATTCCTAA-5'

Potential primer to the sequence: 5'-TGTACGACGACGAC-3'

This is a good primer because it is anti-parallel and no long repeats.

Using the steps listed below, put them in order to best describe the sequence of steps that occurs in a PCR cycle:

1. The primers hybridize to the target DNA.

2. The mixture is heated to a high temperature to denature the double stranded DNA.

3. DNA polymerase extends the primers to make a copy of the target DNA.

2,1,3

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) uses which enzyme to "amplify" DNA?

DNA polymerase

Genetic Engineering is:

The alteration of an organism's genetic, or hereditary, material and Used to produce recombinant proteins for therapeutic use

A restriction enzyme digestion reaction contains which of the following ingredients?

DNA, Water, Buffer, Restriction Enzyme

If a linear piece of DNA has three restriction sites for EcoRI, into how many fragments will EcoRI cut that DNA?

4

How is the number 0.000052 correctly written in scientific notation?

5.2 x 10-5

What is 0.9851 rounded to three significant figures?

0.985

Scientific question

Ask a testable question

Hypothesis

A statement that attempts to answer the scientific question being posed

Experimental plan

Step-by-step instructions of how to test a scientific question

Conduct experiment

Perform experimental plan and repeat trials

Analyze and report data

Answer questions based on data collected during a valid experiment

A technician repeated the maltase reaction described above, but the water bath failed to reach 37°C (it only warmed to 30°C). Which of the selections below is the most likely outcome?

The enzyme activity would decrease, yielding the same level of glucose over a longer time period.

How does one amino acid differ from another?

R group

From DNA to RNA and RNA to protein, what nucleotide can change

U= RNA

What is the main function of lipids

store energy

What is a monnosaccaride that is commonly used for energy in cells

glucose

where in the cell does transcription take place (prokaryotic)

nucleus

Where in the cell does translation occur?

ribosomes

arobic respiration

Releasing energy with the use of oxygen