NFA 201- SmartBook Unit 7: Proteins Life's Building Blocks

What is the name of compounds that speed up chemical reactions without becoming part of the products?

Enzymes

How do blood proteins help maintain fluid balance?

They help counteract the effects of blood pressure by attracting fluid to return it to the bloodstream

Edema refers to _____.

a buildup of fluid in tissues

Amino acids are the basic building blocks of _____.

proteins

Which component varies across amino acids?

R-group

Choose the statement that appropriately describes enzymes.

Nearly all enzymes are proteins

A chemical attraction that connects two amino acids together is called _____.

a peptide bond

A function of blood proteins, such as albumin, is to _____.

help maintain fluid balance

_____ is defined as the accumulation of fluid in tissues.

Edema

_____ from the pancreas and absorptive cells in the small intestine digest polypeptides into tripeptides, dipeptides, and amino acids.

Proteases

Proteins are made up of nitrogen-containing units called _____.

amino acids

The amino group of unneeded amino acids is ultimately converted to _____, which is a waste product of amino acid metabolism that is excreted in urine.

urea

Each amino acid contains a carbon atom attached to a hydrogen atom along with which three groups?

R group

Acid group

Amino group

What is the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) for protein for healthy adults?

10 - 35%

A _____ bond links two amino acids together.

peptide

Select the option that accurately describes plant food sources of protein.

The best plant sources of protein include tree nuts and legumes.

_____ is an enzyme in the stomach that breaks down proteins into smaller polypeptide chains.

Pepsin

The carbon skeletons from excess amino acids can be used to form which products?

Fat

Glucose

Nonessential amino acids

For healthy adults, the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) for _____ is 10-35%

protein

Which of the following foods contain high-quality protein?

Eggs

Milk

Fish

Which of the following foods are considered good non-animal sources of protein?

Nuts

Legumes

Seeds

Choose the food mixtures that would provide complementary combinations of protein.

Trail mix with peanuts, pecans, cashews, sunflower seeds, and pumpkin seeds

Black bean and corn salad

With which type of vegetarian diet does a person eat eggs, fish, and dairy foods, but not generally meat?

Semivegetarian

Where does the digestion of protein begin?

Stomach

Vegetarian diets generally provide more _____ than typical American diets.

phytochemicals

A _____ protein lacks or contains inadequate amounts of one or more of the essential amino acids.

low-quality

Which of the following is an example of a dish that includes a complementary combination of protein?

Red beans and rice

Match each type of vegetarian diet on the left with the most appropriate definition on the right.

Lactovegetarian---Eats milk and milk products, but no other animal foods

Lacto-ovovegetarian---Eats milk and milk products plus eggs, but no other animal foods

Ovovegetarian---Eats eggs, but no other animal foods

Vegan---Eats only plant foods

Which of these nutrients could potentially be a concern if someone is consuming a poorly planned plant-based diet?

Omega-3 fatty acids

In what two ways does the release of hydrochloric acid (HCl) in the stomach impact protein digestion?

Causes proteins to unfold, making it easier for pepsin to break apart peptide bonds in proteins

Converts the inactive form of pepsin to its active form

Vegans can obtain many micronutrients, such as vitamin B-12, vitamin D, iron, and calcium, by consuming _____.

fortified soy beverages

Select the nutrients for which vegetarian diets tend to provide more of than the typical American diet.

Vitamin C

Potassium

Fiber

People who have a history of _____ should check with their physician before eating a high-protein diet.

kidney stones

Animal sources are considered _____ proteins because they are easy to digest and contain all of the essential amino acids in amounts humans need for proper growth and overall health.

high-quality

An effective and recommended way to safely increase muscle mass is to perform muscle-strengthening exercises and _____.

maintain a nutritionally adequate diet

Allergic reactions to food occur when a protein _____, which results in an immune response.

is not digested and is instead absorbed intact

Poorly planned plant-based diets may provide inadequate amounts of which nutrients?

Vitamin D

Calcium

Vitamin B-12

Vegetarians who do not consume fish can still receive the omega-3 fatty acids by _____.

eating certain types of algae

High-protein intakes may be contraindicated for individuals who have _____.

kidney disease

Which foods contain proteins that are at high risk of causing an allergic reaction?

Cow's milk

Soy

Eggs

Combining weightlifting with a well-balanced diet is a safe and effective way to _____.

increase muscle mass

Allergens in food are typically _____ that the immune system thinks are harmful.

proteins

_____ do not involve the immune system but cause negative side effects from consumption of certain foods.

Food intolerances

Which grains contain gluten?

Barley

Wheat

Rye

Which food sources contain some of the most common allergenic proteins?

Wheat

Shellfish

Peanuts

_____ is a chronic disease characterized by an autoimmune response in the small intestine to gluten.

Celiac disease

Celiac disease is a(n) _____.

autoimmune disease

Food intolerances are common with which foods?

Wine

Milk

Gluten is a group of related _____ found in wheat, barley, and rye.

proteins

Select two ways to reduce costs when grocery shopping.

Exercise caution with appealing deals that seem like bargains by comparing the unit cost of similar products

Limit bottled water, carbonated soft drink, and energy drink purchases

Which of the following actions would help limit food costs without negatively affecting essential amino acid intakes?

Reduce the serving size of animal sources of protein

Prepare meals that provide more plant proteins than animal proteins

People with celiac disease cannot tolerate foods that contain the protein _____.

gluten

If a person with celiac disease consumes something containing gluten, the body responds with an immune response that damages _____.

villi in the small intestine

Choose practices that can help you save money when shopping for food.

Consider buying "store brands" in place of brand-name items

Avoid impulse purchases while waiting in the checkout line

Use coupons, when available

Which high-quality protein sources could be substituted for more expensive meat items in order to save money?

Canned tuna

Eggs

As a result of the immune response to gluten, villi in the small intestine are damaged, which results in _____.

poor nutrient absorption