Vocabulary and Academic Writing Terms

These flashcards cover key vocabulary and academic terms presented in the lecture notes.

quit

to resign; يستقيل

obtain

to get; يحصل على

good

beneficial; مفيد

bad

detrimental; ضار

help

to assist; يساعد

let

to permit; يسمح

sufficient

enough; كا ف

look for

to seek; يبحث عن

find out

to determine; يكتشف / يحدد

talk about

to discuss; يناقش

put up with

to tolerate; يتحمل

brought about

caused; سبب

thinking about

considering; في يفكر

drop off

to decline; ينخفض

went on

to continue; يستمر

put off

to postpone; يؤجل

pulled down

to demolish; يهدم

cut down on

to reduce; يقلل

looking into

to investigate; يدرس / يحقق

brought up

to raise; يطرح

step in

to intervene; يتدخل

get rid of

to eliminate; يقضي على

cut down

to reduce; يقلل

go up and down

to fluctuate; يتقلب

put forward

to propose; يقترح

somewhat

to some extent; إلى حد ما

nice

favorable; موات

get together

a meeting; اجتماع

things that happen outside the country

external factors; عوامل خارجية

dismissed

to sack; يفصل من العمل

made up for

to compensate for; يعوض

came across

to encounter; يصادف / يواجه

you can clearly see

can be clearly observed; يمكن مالحظته بوضوح

didn’t have much difficulty

experienced little difficulty; واجه صعوبة قليلة

lots of

many / numerous; من العديد

we found

we were identified; تم تحديد

everyone

many people / most people; العديد من الناس

is bad for you

may be harmful; قد يكون ضاراً

will have disastrous consequences

is likely to have serious consequences; المرجح أن تكون له عواقب خطيرة

leads to

can lead to; يؤدي إلى

are worse

may be less skilled; قد يكونون أقل مهارة

In this essay I will discuss

This essay will discuss; ستناقش هذه المقالة

I have divided my report

This report has been divided; تم تقسيم هذا التقرير

I will conclude

It will be concluded; سيتم االستنتاج

The opinion of the present author

It is argued; يُجادل بأن

we will look at

will be examined; سيتم فحص

present simple is / are + V3

used for present tense; يتم

past simple was / were + V3

used for past tense; تم

present continuous is / are being + V3

used for present continuous; اآلن يتم

past continuous was / were being + V3

used for past continuous; كان يتم

present perfect has / have been + V3

used for present perfect; تم

past perfect had + V3

used for past perfect; كان قد تم

future will be + V3

used for future tense; سيتم

going to is / are going to be + V3

used for future intention; سيتم

modal (can, should, must) can / should / must be + V3

expresses necessity or ability; يجب / يمكن

limitations

restrictions; قيود على

applicable

relevant; قابل للتطبيق على

gathered

collected; تم جمعه من

placed

located; وُضع داخل

results of

findings; نتائج

average on

generally; في المتوسط

within (time)

during; خالل

on the whole

generally; بشكل عام

point of view

perspective; وجهة نظر

in respect of

regarding; فيما يتعلق بـ

in spite of

despite; على الرغم من

in support of

to aid; دعماً لـ

on the other hand

alternatively; من ناحية أخرى

in order to

for the purpose of; لأجل

standard of living

quality of life; مستوى المعيشة

to add

to increase; يضيف إلى

to agree with

to concur; يوافق على

to associate with

to connect; يرتبط بـ

to believe in

to trust; يؤمن بـ

to blame for

to hold responsible; يلوم على

to concentrate on

to focus on; يركز على

to consist of

to be made of; يتكون من

to depend on

to rely on; يعتمد على

to derive from

to obtain from; يُشتق من

to divide into

to split into; ينقسم إلى

to invest in

to allocate money; يستثمر في

to learn from

to gain knowledge; يتعلم من

to pay for

to compensate; يدفع مقابل

to point out

to indicate; يشير إلى

to specialize in

to focus on a particular area; يتخصص في

abbreviations

shortened forms; اختصارات

anon.

anonymous; بدون مؤلف

c.

circa; حوالي (في التواريخ)

cf.

compare; قارن

ed.

editor; محرر

e.g.

for example; على سبيل المثال

et al.

and others; وآخرون

etc.

et cetera; وغيرها

Fig.

figure; شكل

ibid.

in the same place; في نفس المصدر

i.e.

that is; أي

K

thousand; ألف

NB:

take careful note; راجع بعناية

nd.

no date; بدون تاريخ

No.

number; رقم