Period 1 and 2

Great Plain Natives

nomads, used teepees, hunted bison, male chief

Pueblo Natives

agriculture and irrigation, matriarchal, 3 sisters, adobe homes

Mississippi river valley natives

by the mississippi, stayed put, matriarchal, 3 sisters, hunter gatherers

Pacific Northwest natives

totem poles, hunter-gatherers, fishing, stayed put

Iroquois natives

5 tribes in alliance, matriarchal, agriculture, 3 sisters

Goal of Spanish colonization v. goal of english colonization

S: Gold, conquest, aggressive catholicism, used natives (encomeida system)

E: gold (but used tobacco), less conquest, protestant, killed natives

goal of french colonization

fur trade, friendly with natives, catholicism but not as much as spain

encomeida system

spain told natives they would protect them if they worked for them, but they were abused, disease ridden, and overworked

St Augustine

1st permanant European colony by the Spanish in 1565. military base and defense for trade routes

1492

CC sailed due to lots of development in ships like carauels.

-Got funded by Spain and used the Nina, Pinta, and Santa Maria.

-Goal was India (ASIAN TRADE ROUTES) for spices, but bc they needed to go around they ended up in the new world where natives gave them gold.

-Sent back to get more gold.

3 sisters

corns, beans, squash

-vital to many native tribes, even worshipped in some cases

Columbian Exchange

To the Americas: smallpox/measles, horses, cattle, pig, wheat

To Eurupe/Africa: corn, potatoes, tomato’s, TOBACCO, cacao

-led to native pop. decline and Eurupean population growth

Early Eurupean Claims in NA

Spain, France, England

Chesapeake Colonies

motivation: economic profit

Economy: plantation system w/ cash crops (TABACCO, RICE, INGIGO)

labor system: indentured servants until BACONS REBELLION→africans

society: large wealth gap with elite planters dominating politics (HOUSE OF BURGESSES)

New England Colonies

Motivation: religous freedom for the Puritans → create CITY ON A HILL

economy: fishing/trade

society: religous dominance w/ strict and rigid customs, but tight knit community

Politics: direct democracy-town meetings (only MEN OF THE CHURCH)

Middle Colonies

motivation: economic oppoturnity and religious tolerance (quakers)

economy: grain production and trade

society: most culturally and religiously diverse

politics: representative government

mercantilism

Wealth cannot be created, only collected, so everyone is going to want it fast

-more exports, less imports

-expoliting colonies

Feudislism to capitalism

King owned everything and the nobility was richer and part of the government. The nobility turned into the elite where they were able to own land and collect wealth leaving the poor poorer.

Virginia Company

Group of elites who formed a joint-stock company to find and sell gold in the new world for profit

Triangular Trade

A brutal trade ruote connecting africa, Europe, and the americas. Manufactured goods (eur) Slaves (Africa) and raw materials (americas)

Middle passage

Africa to americas transporting slaves in brutal conditions that took 6 months. Many died

chattel system

owning the people, not just the contract

caste system

social class hierarchy where you’re born into your class and cannot change usually (like a cast you can’t move)

Jamestown

1st permanent british colony by the Virginia Company in 1607. In the Chesapeake region. Fell on the starving times because they couldn’t farm properly and had bad relations with natives

Tobacco

1610 John Rolfe brought it from the Caribbean to Virginia saving jamestown

Indentured servants

english settlers who were granted american passage in exchange for 5-7 years of labor. They could be bought and sold and couldn’t marry without permission.

Bacon’s Rebellion

Virginia Colony-1676-Bacon and poor farmers v. Governor Barkley

Anger over high taxes and lack of Indian protection caused Bacon and the former indentured servants to burn jamestown. The indentured servants were also upset because they had to build on the outskirts which was secretly promised to the natives by Gov. Berkeley, so the Natives were upset with them.

slave society v. society with slaves

1st are completely dependant on slaves and would fail without them. 2nd can function without them.

Southern colonies

established for economic reasons. Warm climate and fertile soil encourages plantations (slaves).

Chesapeake

maryland and Virginia

Southern colonies (states)

N and S Carolina and Georgia

Mid atlantic

new York, pennsilvania, new jersey, delaware

New England

conneticut, Rhode island, Massachusetts, New hampshere

Social Hiearchy in south

1. Planters- the plantation owners owning 20+ slaves and owning a majority of the land 

2. Small farmers- owned land but <20 slaves and didn’t usually hold office

3.Poor farmers- largest percent of the free population, lived in App. foothills, usually scottish/irish, no slaves, mainly former indentured servants

4.Slaves- no rights or freedoms whatsoever

Mid Atlantic Colonies history

Dutch were first, then english so very diverse. Relied on trade ports and Agriculture (grain)

Quakers lived here which were nice so encouraged people to move there

The great Awakening

A religious Revalation/revival to unite all 13 colonies with Christianity. Talked of individual religion, not authority. Went against traditional beliefs and planted the seed for revolution

Puritans

wanted to purify the English church. There were a denomination of protestant and very intolerant and strict. They built a “city on a hill” Plymuth in MA

Roger William

puritan pastor who spoke of separating church and state (enlightenment idea) banished bc of this so he est. RI with his followers

Anne Hutchinson

held women bible studies so she was banished and went to RI

1692

salem witch trials- 3 girls related in some way to the minister got sick and hallucinated.

They blamed this on the devil and witchcraft. 20 executed and 200 tried.

bad accusations and if u said you were a witch you wouldn’t be killed, but banished (many didn’t choose this ruote)

King Phillips War

bloody war between the natives and puritans. The puritans were expanding onto native land.

7/8 of natives killed and 6/13 of colonists

this allowed them to expand even more

Quakers

Midatlantic colonies, very tolerant and friendly to natives. Let women speak

Will Penn

established pennsylvania

Charter of virgina

chesapeake- council of 13 men(representative)

“house of burgesses”

Mayflower compact

new england- male church members voted (direct) and theocracy (puritans)

signed by everyone

British Crown policy of Salutary Neglect.

The policy of English kings/parliament to not strictly enforce laws on the colonies because they were a valuable asset and they wanted the colonies to remain loyal.

What were two important things that came out of the First Great Awakening?

Introduced personal religion over authority and unified the colonies. This also spread ideas of revolution.

What were the two reasons Georgia was established as a British colony?

military base for Spanish Florida and providing opportunities for the worthy poor