metabolic reactions

what are the 2 main types of metabolic reactions

catabolic reactions and anabolic reaction

what are catabolic reactions

involve the loss of H-atoms +e-

what is an oxidation reaction

what are anabolic reaction

what is reduction reactions

what are enzymes

Biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in living organisms by lowering activation energy.

what is the lock and key theory of enzyme action

The lock and key theory of enzyme action is a model that explains how enzymes have specific active sites that fit only particular substrates, much like a key fits into a specific lock. This specificity is essential for facilitating biochemical reactions efficiently.

what is substrate

A substrate is a molecule upon which an enzyme acts, undergoing a chemical reaction to form products.

what is a product

The substances formed as a result of a chemical reaction when enzymes act on substrates.

how are enzymes named

Enzymes are typically named after their substrate or type of reaction they catalyze, often with the suffix "-ase" added. For example, lactase breaks down lactose, and amylase breaks down starch.

what are coenzymes

Coenzymes are organic molecules that assist enzymes in catalyzing reactions by acting as carriers for chemical groups or electrons. They are often derived from vitamins and are essential for enzyme function.

why are coenzymes required in the diet

Coenzymes are organic molecules that assist enzymes in catalyzing reactions. They are essential for various metabolic processes and must be obtained from the diet.

what are minerals

Minerals are inorganic nutrients essential for various bodily functions, including enzyme activation and structural roles in bones and teeth. They must be obtained through the diet as the body cannot produce them.

what are vitamins

vitamins are organic compounds that are crucial for normal metabolic processes and overall health. They play vital roles in enzyme function, immune system support, and the regulation of cell growth and development.

what does micronutrient mean

Micronutrients are vitamins and minerals required by the body in small amounts for various functions, including immune system support, production of enzymes, and regulation of metabolism.

what is the function of calcium

Calcium is essential for building and maintaining strong bones and teeth, and it also plays a critical role in muscle contractions, nerve signaling, and blood coagulation.

what is the function of phosphates

Phosphates are important for the formation of DNA and RNA, energy transfer through ATP, and they play a critical role in bone mineralization.

what is the function of patassium and sodium

Potassium and sodium are vital for maintaining fluid balance, nerve transmission, and muscle function, particularly in heart health.

what is function of chloride

Chloride is essential for the production of digestive juices, helps in maintaining fluid balance, and is a component of salt, aiding in nerve transmissions.

what is the function of iron

iron is crucial for the formation of hemoglobin in red blood cells, which carries oxygen throughout the body; it also plays a role in energy production.

what is anemia

Anemia is a condition characterized by a deficiency of red blood cells or hemoglobin, leading to reduced oxygen transport in the body, often caused by iron deficiency.

what is the function of iodine

Iodine is essential for the synthesis of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism, growth, and development.

what is the coenzyme for zinc

Zinc functions as a cofactor for numerous enzymes, supporting various biochemical reactions in the body, including carbohydrate metabolism, immune function, and protein synthesis.

what is the function of magnesium, copper,manganese,nickel,and molybdenum

these trace minerals are required for various biological processes: magnesium assists in over 300 biochemical reactions; copper contributes to iron metabolism and energy production; manganese is involved in bone formation and metabolism; nickel plays a role in certain enzymatic reactions; whereas molybdenum is crucial for the function of enzymes that process sulfur-containing amino acids.

what are fat soluble vitamins

Fat-soluble vitamins are vitamins that dissolve in fats and oils, including vitamins A, D, E, and K, which are stored in the body and utilized as needed.

what is the function of vitamin a

Vitamin A is vital for maintaining healthy vision, immune function, and skin health, and it plays a crucial role in cell growth.

what is vitamin a deficiency know as

Vitamin A deficiency is known as xerophthalmia, which can lead to blindness and other health issues.

what is the function of vitamin D

vitamin D is essential for regulating calcium and phosphate in the body, promoting healthy bones and teeth, and supporting immune function.

what is the vitamin D deficiency know as

vitamin D deficiency is known as rickets in children, leading to weak and soft bones, and osteomalacia in adults.

what is the function of vitamin E

Vitamin E acts as a powerful antioxidant, protecting cells from damage, and is important for immune function and skin health.

what is the vitamin E deficiency know as

Vitamin E deficiency can lead to neurological problems and is rare, but can cause issues like peripheral neuropathy.

what is the function of vitamin k

Vitamin K is crucial for blood coagulation, helping in the synthesis of proteins required for blood clotting.

what is the deficiency of vitamin k know as

A deficiency of vitamin K can lead to excessive bleeding and bruising, and it is referred to as coagulopathy.

What are enzyme inhibitors? 

Enzyme inhibitors are substances that decrease or stop the activity of enzymes by binding to them. They can work by blocking the active site or altering the enzyme's shape, preventing substrate binding or reaction.

What is cyanide? 

with an enzyme in respiration

What is arsenic? 

What are insecticides? 

What are antibiotics? 

How are enzymes denatured? 

What is photosynthesis? 

What is cellular respiration? 

What is the first law of energy? 

What is the second law of energy?