Drug Therapy of Upper Respiratory Diseases

Vocabulary flashcards covering drug classes, mechanisms of action, and adverse effects related to upper respiratory disease treatments as discussed in the lecture notes.

Antihistamines

The drug of choice for treating allergic rhinitis which works by competing with allergy-liberated histamine for $H_1$ receptor sites.

Intranasal Anti-inflammatory Agents

Medications administered intranasally to treat nasal symptoms resulting from mild-moderate allergic rhinitis.

Sympathomimetic Decongestants

A drug class that stimulates alpha-adrenergic receptors of nasal mucous membranes causing vasoconstriction to relieve congestion associated with rhinitis.

Pseudoephedrine

An ingredient used in the manufacture of methamphetamine that is regulated by state laws regarding its purchase.

MAOIs

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors which, when combined with decongestants, result in significant hypertension.

Anticholinergic Adverse Effects

Side effects often associated with antihistamines, including dry mouth and a stuffy nose.

Glucocorticoids

A drug class with anti-inflammatory, antiallergenic, and immunosuppression actions used for certain cancers, organ transplantation, and autoimmune diseases.

$Na^+$ accumulation

An adverse effect associated with glucocorticoid therapy involving the buildup of sodium in the body.

$K^+$ depletion

An adverse effect of glucocorticoids where potassium levels are lowered, which may be enhanced if taken with diuretics.

Hyperglycemia

An adverse effect of corticosteroid therapy that requires monitoring in diabetic and prediabetic patients, especially when taking oral hypoglycemic agents or insulin.

Adrenal Insufficiency

A condition caused by the abrupt discontinuation of steroid therapy characterized by symptoms such as fever, malaise, fatigue, and hypoglycemia.

Steroid Taper

The process of gradual withdrawal of steroid use to prevent symptoms of adrenal insufficiency and allow the adrenal glands to start functioning again.

Rhinitis Medicamentosa

A condition associated with the treatment of allergic rhinitis that requires prevention and frequent follow-ups.

Common Cold Treatment

Clinical goals aimed at relieving symptoms, reducing complications, and preventing the spread of viral infection.