Psych Vol 2 pt 1

Moderator

A variable that changes the strength or direction of the relationship between two variables

Self-Esteem

A person’s global evaluation of self worth

Self-Efficacy

A person’s belief about their ability to perform behaviors that should lead to expected outcomes

Slow wave sleep

The third and deepest stage of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep

Differential association

Refers to the learning of deviant behavior

Demographic transition

The change in population growth along with socioeconomic developments.

Front stage behavior

Refers to how one presents themselves in front of an audience

Social determinants of health

Social structural dynamics that affect one’s health status

Social Facilitation

When someone preforms better in front of a crowd

Heuristics

Cognitive rules of thumb that offer shortcuts to reasoning and problem solving

Chunking

Strategy that increases the capacity of short term memory by organizing the input into meaningful chunks

Attachment theory

Highlights the importance of early attachments with primary caregivers on later behavior.

The halo effect

occurs when positive impressions regarding a target person or an object affects how the target is judged in different domains

Egocentrism

Characteristic of preoperational stage of Piaget -> refers to a child’s tendency to generally view the world through their own experiences and perspective.

Fundamental attribution error

People blame people rather than the situational factors (slow driver → idiot and not they might have a broken car)

Cultural relativism

indicates evaluating the cultural practices of a different society not from one's own cultural perspective, but from that society's perspective.

Social control

encompasses social entities and individuals ensuring the compliance of individuals with social norms through positive and negative sanctions.

Incongruence

humanistic term that refers to the discrepancy between the actual and ideal selves.

Resource mobilization theory

focuses on the uses of resources and strategies for social movements to achieve the goals desired by the groups involved in social movements.

Implicit memory

Type of long-term memory that affects behavior and responses in indirect ways that are outside of conscious awareness.

Explicit memory

Type of long-term memory that involves conscious recall and can often be verbally described.

Humanistic theory

focuses on the role of self-concept, the relationship between one’s ideal and actual selves, and the strife towards self-actualization in explaining behavior.

Metacognition

The ability to reflect on and process one's own mental and emotional processes.

Ascribed status

Social position an individual involuntarily holds by birth.

Role strain

Someone’s inability to fulfill the expectations of a role due to limited resources.

Theory of mind

Is the ability to contextualize someone's behaviors within their individual mindset. The understanding of other peoples mental states.

False Belief

knowledge that other people can hold and act upon beliefs that the child knows to be untrue.