04/21 Hormones Test

Oxytocin

• Produced by: Hypothalamus

• Target Organ: Posterior pituitary gland

• Action: Love hormone, uterus muscles, milk flow, & contractions

Antidiuertic hormone (ADH)

• Produced by: Hypothalamus & posterior pituitary gland

• Target Organ: Kidneys

• Action: Hypothalamus sends signal to the posterior pituitary gland, then kidney, which releases ADH when the body is ready to reabsorb water, pushing it into the bloodstream

Prolactin

• Produced by: Anterior pituitary gland

• Target Organ: Breast tissue

• Action: Milk production for breastfeeding and more

Growth Hormone (GH)

• Produced by: Anterior pituitary gland

• Target Organ: Liver

• Action: Growth hormone travels to the liver then releases a second hormone, targetting the bones and muslces to grow through mitosis and add cells

Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

• Produced by: Anterior pituitary gland

• Target Organ: Ovaries

• Action: Egg/sperm production

Lutenizing Hormone (LH)

• Produced by: Anterior pituitary gland

• Target Organ: Ovaries/testes

• Action: 1. Ovulation and progesterone with estrogen; 2. Testesterone production

Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH)

• Produced by: Anterior pituitary gland

• Target Organ: Thyroid gland

• Action: Releases hormone through the bloodstream to the thryoid gland

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone

• Produced by: Anterior pituitary gland

• Target Organ: Adrenal glands

• Action: Travels to adrenal glands to produce its own hormones

Melatonin

• Produced by: Pineal gland

• Target Organ: Entire body

• Action: Crucial in wake-sleep cycle and helps with feeling calm and sleepy; melatonin is produced with dim light

Triiodothyronine (T3)

• Produced by: Thyroid glands

• Target Organ: Most organs

• Action: Regulates metabolism; active thyroid hormone

Thyroxine (T4)

• Produced by: Thyroid glands

• Target Organ: Most organs

• Action: Converted into T3 since it is an inactive hormone (aka prehormone)

Calcitonin

• Produced by: Thyroid glands

• Target Organ: Bones

• Action: Calcium ions are triggered to enter bones

Parathyroid Hormone

• Produced by: 4 Parathyroid Glands

• Target Organ: Bones

• Action: Calcium ions are triggered to exit bones; opposite of calcitonin

Thymosin

• Produced by: Thyroid gland

• Target Organ: T-cells

• Action: Defends the human body from plague

Epinephrine (adrenaline)

• Produced by: Adrenal medulla

• Target Organ: Most organs

• Action: Increases heart rate, blood pressure, blood sugar level, and blood flow to heart and lungs; bronchides enlarge and pupils dilate; fight-or-flight response

Norepinephrine (noradrenaline)

• Produced by: Adrenal medulla

• Target Organ: Most organs

• Action: Same as adrenaline; differs as it is released mainly from sympathetic nerve endings, acting more like a neurotransmitter

Cortisol

• Produced by: Adrenal cortex

• Target Organ: All tissues

• Action: Produces glucose for cellular respiration; main stress hormone

Aldosterone

• Produced by: Adrenal cortex (outer layer)

• Target Organ: Kidneys

• Action: Stimulates the kidneys to keep salt and water in blood

Estrogen

• Produced by: Ovaries

• Target Organ: Most of the body, many targets

• Action: Builds to prepare for pregnancy; regulates secondary female sex characteristics

Progesterone

• Produced by: Ovaries

• Target Organ: Uterus

• Action: Triggers the uterine (adj.) lining to build up for pregnancy; stays thick during pregnancy

Testosterone

• Produced by: Testes

• Target Organ: Male reproductive system

• Action: Stimulates male reproductive system and production of sperm; facial hair, muscles, and sex drive

Insulin

• Produced by: Pancreas

• Target Organ: Many organs

• Action: Regulate and drop blood sugar levels

Glucagon

• Produced by: Pancreas

• Target Organ: Liver cells

• Action: Targets liver cells to release sugar in bloodstream