World History #2

What transformed the production of goods during the Industrial Revolution?

Machines and factories changed the way goods were made.

What powered trains, ships, and factories in the Industrial Revolution?

The steam engine powered trains, ships, and factories.

What inventions increased cloth production?

The spinning jenny and power loom increased cloth production.

How did railroads and steamships affect transportation?

Railroads and steamships improved transportation and trade.

What communication innovation improved long-distance interactions?

The telegraph improved communication over long distances.

What was the impact of mass production on goods?

Mass production made products cheaper and faster to make.

How did the Industrial Revolution affect the wealth of countries?

Countries became wealthier because factories produced more goods.

What economic system grew during the Industrial Revolution?

Capitalism grew during this time.

What demographic shift occurred as people moved during the Industrial Revolution?

Many people moved from farms to cities for factory jobs.

What conditions did factory workers endure?

Factory workers worked long hours for low pay.

What was common in factories during the Industrial Revolution regarding children?

Child labor was common.

What collective movement arose in response to workers' rights?

Labor unions formed to fight for workers’ rights.

What socio-economic gap increased as a consequence of the Industrial Revolution?

The gap between rich and poor increased.

What competition drove the Scramble for Africa?

European countries competed for African land and resources.

What does imperialism refer to?

Stronger countries taking over weaker countries.

What resources did Europeans seek in Africa?

Gold, rubber, minerals, and trade routes.

What was the Berlin Conference (1884-1885) about?

European nations divided Africa without the input of Africans.

What harsh conditions did African workers face during imperialism?

Workers faced violence and harsh punishments.

What notorious punishment occurred in the Congo for unmet rubber quotas?

Workers had hands cut off if rubber quotas were not met.

What were the alliances leading up to WWI?

Triple Alliance: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy; Triple Entente: France, Russia, Great Britain.

How did militarism contribute to WWI?

Countries built strong militaries and prepared for war.

What role did imperialism play in the lead-up to WWI?

Competition for colonies and resources increased tension.

What is nationalism and its impact on WWI?

Strong pride in one’s country and belief in superiority contributed to the war.

Who was assassinated in 1914 triggering WWI?

Archduke Franz Ferdinand was assassinated.

Who was responsible for the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand?

Gavrilo Princip, a member of the Black Hand.

What event marked the end of WWI?

The Treaty of Versailles officially ended WWI.

What were the conditions imposed on Germany by the Treaty of Versailles?

Accept blame, pay reparations, reduce military, and lose land.

What organization was created after WWI?

The League of Nations was created.

How did Germans feel about the blame imposed by the Treaty of Versailles?

Germans felt humiliated and angry.

What economic struggles did Germany face post-WWI?

Debt, inflation, and unemployment hurt Germany badly.

How did Hitler rise to power in Germany?

Anger over the war's blame and economic struggles facilitated his rise.

What characterized the dictators' rise to power during and after WWI?

Struggle after WWI led to fascism's growth in Germany and Italy.

What was the policy of appeasement?

Britain and France allowed Hitler to take land to avoid war.

What ideas are presented in Hitler's Mein Kampf?

Nazi beliefs including anti-Semitism, racism, German expansion, and Hitler's goals.

What significant attack occurred on December 7, 1941?

Japan attacked Pearl Harbor, leading the U.S. to enter WWII.

What was the primary function of aircraft carriers during WWII?

Carried airplanes used to attack enemies from far away.

What was the outcome of the Battle of Midway?

Major U.S. victory against Japan that turned the tide of war.

What were the results of the Allied victory in WWII?

Fascism was stopped, and the United Nations was created.

What characterized the Cold War period?

Ideological differences, technological advancements, and proxy wars defined the Cold War.

What major technological advancements occurred during the Cold War?

Development of nuclear weapons, missiles, rockets, satellites, and space technology.

What was the U.S. policy of containment?

Policy to stop the spread of communism, supported by the Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan.

What were proxy wars during the Cold War?

Indirect conflicts between the U.S. and Soviet Union, with examples including the Korean War and Vietnam War.

What was the arms race in the Cold War context?

Competition between U.S. and Soviet Union to build more nuclear weapons, increasing fear of nuclear war.

What marked the Space Race during the Cold War?

Competition in space exploration, with key milestones such as the Soviet Union's Sputnik and U.S. moon landing.