BUS 121 Chapters 9-10

Assembly Process

puts components together to make a product

Computer Aided Design (CAD)

the use of computers in the design of products

Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM)

the use of computers in the manufacturing of products

Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM)

the uniting of computer aided design with computer aided manufacturing

Continuous Path

long production runs turn out finished goods over time

Critical Path

in PERT networked, the sequence of tasks that takes the longest time complete

Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)

a newer version of MRP that combines the computerisized functions of all divisions and subsidiaries of the firm

Facility Layout

focuses on space, where you’re working. How your department structures

Facility Location

where you are located

Flexible Manufacturing

designing machines to do multiple tasks so they can produce a variety of products

Form Utility

the value producers add to materials in creation of finished goods and services

Gannt Chart

bar graph showing production managers what projects are being worked on and what stage they are in at a given time

Intermitten Process

production run is short and the machines are changed frequently to make products

ISO 9001

the common name given to quality management and assurance standards

ISO 14001

a collection of the best practices for managing an organization’s impact on the environment

Just In Time Inventory Control

production process in which a minimum of inventory is kept on the premises and parts, suppliers, and other needs are delivered just in time to go on the assembly line

Lean Manufacturing

the production to meet the needs of a large number of individual customers

Mass Customization

tailoring products to meet the needs of a large number of individual customers

Materials Requirement Planning (MRP)

computer bases operations management system that uses sales forecast to make sure needed parts and materials are available at the right time and place

Operations Management

a specialized are in management that converts or transforms resources into goods and services

Process Manufacturing

that part of the production process that physically or chemically changes materials

Production

the creation of finished goods and services using the factors of production: land, labor capital, entrepreneurship, and knowledge

Production Management

the term used to describe all the activities managers do to help their firms create goods

Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT)

a method for analyzing the tasks involved in completing a given project, estimating the time needed to complete each tasks, and identifying the minimum time needed to complete the total project

Purchasing

the function that searchers for high quality material resources, find the best suppliers, and negotiates the best price for quality goods/services

Quality Control

consistently producing what the customer wants while reducing errors before and after delivery

Six Sigma Quality

a quality measure that allows only 3.4 defects per million opportunities

Statistical Process Control (SPC)

the process of testing statistical samples of product components at each stage of production and plotting the test results on a graph

Statistical Quality Control (SQC)

the process some managers use to continually monitor all phase of the production process and ensure quality is being built into the product from the beginning

Telecommuting

working from home via computer and modem

Equity Theory

J. Stacy Adams; employees perceptions of fairness affect their willingness to perform

Expectancy Theory

Victor Vroom’s; the amount of effort eomplyees exert depends on their expectations of the outcome; rewards for work must be sufficient to justify the effort

Extrinsic Theory

something given to you by someone else as recognition for good work

• Pay increase

• Praise

• Promotions

Hygiene Factor

in Herzberg’s theory of motivating factors, job factors that can cause dissatisfaction if missing but that do no necessarily motivates employees if increased

Intrinsic Reward

the personal satisfaction you feel when you perform well and complete goals

• your work towards the company

Job Enlargement

a job enrichment strategy that involves combining a series of tasks into one challenging and interesting assignment

Job Enrichment

a motivational strategy that emphasizes motivating the worker through the job itself

Job Rotation

a job enrichment strategy that involves moving employees from one job to another

Management by Objectives (MBO)

Peter Duckers; goa;l setting implementation; involves a cycle of discussion review, and evaluation of objectives by all levels

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

Motivation is tied to unmet needs and the satisfaction of such; unmet needs are replaces by higher level need which now motivated

Motivators

in Herzberg’s theory of motivating factors, job factors that cause employees to be productive and give them satisfaction

Principle of Motion Economy

theory development by Frank and Lillion Gilbreth that every job can be broken down into a series of elementary motions

Scientific Management

Studying workers to find the most efficient ways of doing things and then teaching people those techniques. Fredrick taylor used science to improve productivity, viwed people as machines

PERT Chart

a method for analyzing the tasks involved in completing a given project, estimating the time needed to complete each task, and identifying the minimum time needed to complete the total project

Quality

consistently produce what the customer wants, while reducing errors before and after delivery

• Historically it was measured when the product was finished

7 Measures of Quality

1. Six sigma quality

2. Statistical quality control (SDQ)

3. Statistical process control (SPC)

4. Deming cycle (Plan do check act PDCA)

5. Baldridge awards

6. ISO 9001

7. ISO 14001

Program evaluation and review technique (PERT) The steps involved include

1. Analyzing and sequencing tasks that need to be done

2. Estimating the time needed to complete each task

3. Drawing a PERT network illustrating the info from steps 1 and 2

4. Identifying the critical path (the sequence of tasks that takes the longest time to complete)

Critical Path

the worst case scenario, the sequence of events that takes the longest in a manufacturing setting

What are some of the considerations involved in manufacturers selecting a location for their facility?

1. Labor costs

2. Availability of resources (including labor)

3. Access to transportation that can reduce time to market

4. Proximity to suppliers

5. Crime rates

6. Quality of life for employees

7. Cost of living

8. Need to train/retrain the local workforce

Hawthorne Studies

Elton Mayo; studied the effct og lighting on work and determined that people act differently when they know they are being studied

Goal Setting Theory

Edwin Locke; ambition/attainable goals can motivate if goals are accepted, accompanies by feedback, and facilitated by organizational conditions

Theory X and Y

Douglas McGregor; focuses on managers’ attitudes towards employees; one assumes people dislike work; the other assumes people like work and are committed

Theory X

motivation is punishment

Theory Y

motivation is empowerment

Theory Z

William Ouchi; recommended a hybrid approach that combines aspects of American and Japanese culture; views firm as a family that fosters cooperation

Reinforcement Theory

BF Skinner; positive and negative reinforcers motivate; behavior is a function of its consequences