Unit 5 Part 2 AP Psychology

deinstitutionalization

moving severely mentally ill people out of large inpatient hospital and then closing those facilities.

• being treated as outpatients in smaller community programs increased due to the effectiveness of new psychotropic medications

evidence-based intervention

• drove community-based mental health care

• this means programs were created based on research date about which types of treatments lead to the best outcomes

• effective treatment is provided but we’ve had a hard time keeping this system in line with the high demand for these treatments

• many claim institutional living was replaced by homelessness or a jail cell

treatment of mental disorders: biomedical approach

• focuses on biological causes and medical treatment

• offers medication and other biological treatments that directly act on a person’s physiology

• often used a long w/ psychotherapy

treatment of mental disorders: psychotherapy

• treating mental health problems through the interaction between client and a trained mental health professional

• often used a long w/ biomedical therapy

eclectic approach

it is taking idea’s from a variety of approaches to best serve the client

therapeutic alliance

a relationship between client and therapist that is caring, genuine, and empathetic

positive expectations

belief that things can and will get better through therapy

specific action plan

therapist prescribes a plan of action that the client can use to get better

cultural humility

it involves striving to understand and respect different cultural groups’ values, beliefs, and traditions

group therapy

typically a small group of about 6-12 people with similar problems who meet together w/ a trained therapist

• shows people they aren’t alone

• can foster new social skills or ways of thinking

self-help groups

• no trained psychotherapist directs the process of the group, although there may be a facilitator who organizes meetings

  • ex: groups for addiction

ethical principal to clinical and therapeutic situations: non-maleficence

• DO NO HARM

• psychologists must strive to benefit those w/ whom they work and take care and DO NO HARM

ethical principal to clinical and therapeutic situations: fidelity

establish and maintain trustworthy relationships w/ clients, colleagues, and the public

ethical principal to clinical and therapeutic situations: integrity

be honest, accurate, and faithful in all aspects of professional work

ethical principal to clinical and therapeutic situations: respect for people’s rights and dignity

respect the rights, dignity and worth of individuals regardless of any factors

psychoanalysis technique: free association

patient says whatever comes to mind w/ out filtering any content. As the patient’s trust in the psychoanalyst increases, the patient’s ego will lower its guard and the true nature of the unconscious will begin bubbling up to the surface for the psychoanalyst to interpret.

psychoanalysis technique: dream analysis

based on the idea that what a patient consciously remembers from a dream is a symbolic representation of unconscious urges/conflicts

psychoanalyst’s interpretations

moments when the psychoanalyst provides insight into the unconscious roots of the patients problems based on whatever technique they’re using

transference

when, over the course of many sessions, the patient transfers emotions linked with other relationship to their analyst

psychodynamic approach therapy

• adapted from Freud’s idea of psychoanalysis

• emphasizes unconscious influences on the mind and uses some of Freud’s techniques to tap into the unconscious

• face-to-face therapy interaction

• focuses on current symptoms by focusing on important relationships, childhood experiences, and therapist-client relationship

humanistic approach to therapy

• lack of empirical research on this therapy's effectiveness

• emphasis on promoting client’s growth, self'-awareness, and self-acceptance

• involves person-centered therapy; developed by Carl Rogers

person-centered therapy (client-centered therapy)

• rogers believed that psychological troubles were caused by an in-congruence of ideal and real self

• elements

  • non-directive

  • unconditional positive regard

  • empathy

  • genuineness

  • active listening

    • echoing, restating, and seeking clarification of what the client expresses (verbally or non-verbally)

applied behavioral therapy

uses classical conditioning or operant conditioning to help clients unlearn maladaptive behaviors and replace them with more adaptive behaviors

• commonly used to treat Phobia and anxieties by “exposing” people to the things they fear or avoid

applied behavioral therapy: systematic desensitization ( a type of exposure therapy)

• associates a pleasant relaxed state w/ a gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli

• general steps

  • learns to practice deep relaxation

  • client creates a fear hierarchy

  • the fear inducing things/situations are introduced from least to greatest by the therapist

aversion therapy

an unwanted behavior is associated w/ an aversive (unpleasant) stimulus