Pharmacology: Common Medications and Side Effects

Flashcards covering various classes of cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, respiratory, and sensory medications including suffixes, examples, and side effects.

Beta-Blockers (-olol)

Medications like Metoprolol and Atenolol; side effects include bradycardia, hypotension, fatigue, and bronchospasm.

ACE Inhibitors (-pril)

Medications such as Lisinopril and Enalapril; side effects include a dry, persistent cough, hyperkalemia (high potassium), and hypotension.

Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs) (-sartan)

Drugs like Losartan that are less likely to cause a cough than ACE inhibitors, but carry risks of hypotension and dizziness.

Calcium Channel Blockers (-dipine, + Verapamil/Diltiazem)

Medications associated with side effects such as peripheral edema, dizziness, and constipation (especially Verapamil).

Diuretics

Medications that often cause potassium loss (hypokalemia), dehydration, and dizziness.

Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs) (-prazole)

Drugs like Omeprazole and Pantoprazole; long-term use side effects include headaches, abdominal pain, and potential magnesium or B12 deficiencies.

H2-Receptor Antagonists (-tidine)

Medications such as Famotidine; side effects are rare but include headache, diarrhea, or constipation.

GLP-1 Agonists (-tide)

Drugs like Liraglutide; common gastrointestinal side effects include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and constipation.

Antacids/Mucosal Protectants

Calcium carbonate in this class can cause constipation and rebound acidity.

Beta2-Agonists (-terol)

Drugs like Albuterol and Salmeterol; common side effects are tremors, tachycardia (fast heart rate), and anxiety.

Inhaled Corticosteroids (-sone, -ide)

Medications like Fluticasone; known for causing oral thrush (candidiasis) and throat irritation.

Anticholinergics (-pium)

Medications such as Ipratropium; side effects include dry mouth, blurred vision, and urinary retention.

Leukotriene Inhibitors (-lukast)

Drugs like Montelukast; associated with headaches and neurobehavioral changes.

Ophthalmic Beta-Blockers (-olol)

Eye medications that can cause systemic side effects like bradycardia or exacerbation of asthma.

Prostaglandin Analogs (-oprost)

Drugs like Latanoprost; side effects include iris color change (darkening), eyelash growth, and itchy eyes.

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (-zolamide)

Medications that cause burning or stinging upon application and a bitter taste.

Steroid Eye Drops (-pred, -one)

Drugs where long-term use can increase intraocular pressure (glaucoma) and cause cataracts.

Ototoxic Medications

Certain drugs like aminoglycoside antibiotics (-micin) or loop diuretics that can cause tinnitus or hearing loss.