Biotechnology Vocabulary

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Last updated 5:10 AM on 4/16/26
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18 Terms

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genetically modified organism (GMO)

an organism that has been genetically altered by humans

<p>an organism that has been genetically altered by humans</p>
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transgenic organism

term used to refer to an organism that contains genes from other organisms

<p>term used to refer to an organism that contains genes from other organisms</p>
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recombinant DNA

DNA produced by combining DNA from different sources

<p>DNA produced by combining DNA from different sources</p>
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vector

method of transferring genes from one species into another species; can be biological (ex: plasmid, virus) or mechanical (ex: micropipette)

<p>method of transferring genes from one species into another species; can be biological (ex: plasmid, virus) or mechanical (ex: micropipette)</p>
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restriction enzyme

Enzyme that cuts DNA at a specific sequence of nucleotides

<p>Enzyme that cuts DNA at a specific sequence of nucleotides</p>
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gel electrophoresis

Procedure used to separate and analyze DNA fragments by placing a mixture of DNA fragments at one end of a porous gel and applying an electrical voltage to the gel

<p>Procedure used to separate and analyze DNA fragments by placing a mixture of DNA fragments at one end of a porous gel and applying an electrical voltage to the gel</p>
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plasmid

small, circular piece of DNA located in the cytoplasm of many bacteria

<p>small, circular piece of DNA located in the cytoplasm of many bacteria</p>
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clone

member of a population of genetically identical organisms produced from a single cell

<p>member of a population of genetically identical organisms produced from a single cell</p>
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polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

the technique used by biologists to make many copies of a particular gene

<p>the technique used by biologists to make many copies of a particular gene</p>
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micropipette

A laboratory instrument used to measure, dispense, and transfer very small amounts of liquid.

<p>A laboratory instrument used to measure, dispense, and transfer very small amounts of liquid.</p>
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CRISPR

a powerful gene editing tool that allows scientists to easily find and change specific DNA sequences

<p>a powerful gene editing tool that allows scientists to easily find and change specific DNA sequences</p>
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selective breeding

method of breeding that allows only those individual organisms with desired characteristics to produce the next generation

<p>method of breeding that allows only those individual organisms with desired characteristics to produce the next generation</p>
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biotechnology

process of manipulating organisms, cells, or molecules, to produce specific products

<p>process of manipulating organisms, cells, or molecules, to produce specific products</p>
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inbreeding

continued breeding of individuals with similar characteristics to maintain the derived characteristics of a kind of organism

<p>continued breeding of individuals with similar characteristics to maintain the derived characteristics of a kind of organism</p>
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hybridization

breeding technique that involves crossing dissimilar individuals to bring together the best traits of both organisms

<p>breeding technique that involves crossing dissimilar individuals to bring together the best traits of both organisms</p>
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gene therapy

The process of changing a gene to treat a medical disease or disorder. An absent or faulty gene is replaced by a normal working gene.

<p>The process of changing a gene to treat a medical disease or disorder. An absent or faulty gene is replaced by a normal working gene.</p>
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DNA fingerprinting

tool used by biologists that analyzes an individual's unique collection of DNA restriction fragments; used to compare samples of genetic material

<p>tool used by biologists that analyzes an individual's unique collection of DNA restriction fragments; used to compare samples of genetic material</p>
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genome

All the genetic information in an organism

<p>All the genetic information in an organism</p>