Alterations in Mobility Exam 3 Review

Flashcards covering mobility alterations, musculoskeletal disorders, nursing interventions for fractures and sprains, osteoporosis care, and ROM exercise goals.

Who should a nurse partner with to help with mobility for a patient who has had a stroke?

Physical therapy

What are common comorbidities of patients with mobility problems?

Ankle fracture, sprain, and stroke

What is the purpose of synovial fluid in the musculoskeletal system?

To help joints move by providing lubrication

What should a nurse use to determine the level of movement a patient is at when transferring them?

Nursing judgment (helping them stand up to assess mobility)

What is the first nursing function for an ankle or body part with inflammation?

Immobilize and apply ice for the first $48$ hours of the injury

What intervention should be applied to an injury after the first $48$ hours?

Apply heat

What is the term for edema occurring in the synovial joints of the upper extremities?

Synovitis

What can be caused by repeated injury in the same area or excessive exercise?

Stress fracture

What procedure is often performed on elderly patients with spinal stenosis?

Laminectomy

When does pain and swelling typically increase or flare up in a patient with synovitis?

At night

What can cause pain in a mechanical injury, such as a herniated disc?

Movement or action

What environmental factors affect an older person's fall risk due to spatial awareness?

Proprioception

What changes in muscle function typically occur with aging in the older population?

Loss of muscle mass and loss of coordination

What specific climbing activity becomes difficult for older adults due to a loss of power and force?

Climbing stairs

What is the biological cause of osteoporosis?

Demineralization caused by cancellous and cortisol loss in the bone

What are the names of the $2$ main tissues that make up the bone according to the lecture?

Cancellous and cortisol

Which part of the body is greatly affected by osteoporosis?

Thoracic spine

What are common symptoms of osteoporosis in the thoracic spine?

Stiffness and pain

How does movement affect the stiffened joints of an elderly patient with osteoporosis?

They experience an inability to move in the morning, then it gets better with movement

What is a primary nursing goal for an elderly patient who has had a recent amputation?

Help with altered body image

Why might an elderly amputation patient who is bedridden become confused or combative?

The patient is confused due to immobility

What is the primary risk for a patient with an open fracture where the skin is not intact?

Infection

At what specific times of day should a nurse help a hospitalized patient get out of bed (OOB)?

During meals (morning, afternoon, evening, and snack time)

How can a nurse help prevent a patient from experiencing a chronic loss of function?

Passive or active ROM exercises

What advice should a nurse give a patient with back pain to prevent it from becoming chronic?

Keep the patient moving

What is the benefit of educating a patient to maintain good posture?

It helps with balance and strengthens the core

What is the likely cause of knee pain and weakness in a patient who can walk but has lost bone strength?

Osteoporosis and demineralization

What is the primary cause of degenerative disc disease and other skeletal degenerative diseases?

Age

What dietary recommendation should a nurse provide to help maintain calcium levels?

A diet high in calcium, including green leafy vegetables

What is a characteristic symptom of compartmental syndrome?

Poor circulation to a body part

What surgical procedure is used to treat compartmental syndrome?

Fasciectomy

What safety modification is recommended for an older patient's bathroom at home?

Safety handle bars

Why should a patient be careful when changing positions if they have a history of falling?

To avoid orthostatic hypotension

What specific structures are damaged during a sprain?

Tendons and ligaments

Which conditions are categorized as musculoskeletal disorders that cause immobility?

Arthritis, amputation, fractures, and sprains

Is a Myocardial Infarction (MI) considered a musculoskeletal disorder that causes immobility?

No, it is a cardio patient

What are standard interventions for a child who has cerebral atrophy?

Physical therapy (PT), dietician assistance, and passive and active ROM exercises

What is the biggest concern for a child with cerebral atrophy in a school setting?

That the child is safe

What should a nurse include when informing a community group about the effects of osteoarthritis (OA)?

Pain, stiffening, and crepitus

What are active exercises performed by a patient called?

Active ROM

What are exercises performed for a patient by another person called?

Passive ROM

How do ROM exercises benefit a patient's muscles?

They help strengthen muscles and prevent loss of muscle mass

How do ROM exercises benefit a patient's joints?

They help prevent contractures and improve flexibility

How do ROM exercises help a patient with osteoporosis?

They help prevent demineralization

What technique should be used when helping a patient with ROM?

Reduce stress at all angles and bend at the joints

Which body part is most affected in a toddler with dysplasia?

Hips

What is a sign of hip dysplasia in a toddler?

Limited ROM

Among a group of patients, which one is the highest priority?

The patient who fell (to assess for injuries)

What safety intervention is necessary for a patient who fell or has an Altered Mental Status (AMS)?

Side rails up

When educating on degenerative diseases like those of the disc or joints, what factor is emphasized as the cause?

Age (not sports or fractures)