bio d2.3

Water Potential

The potential energy of water in a system, influencing the movement of water across membranes.

Solvation

The process by which solvent molecules surround solute particles.

Polarity of Water

Water is polar due to the uneven attraction between oxygen and hydrogen.

Hydrogen Bonds

Weak bonds formed between water molecules due to their polar nature.

Specific Heat Capacity

The amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of a substance; water has a high specific heat capacity.

Shock Absorption

Water’s ability to absorb forces without breaking, providing cushioning.

Viscosity

A measure of a fluid's resistance to flow; affects how water interacts with solutes.

Fluidity

The ability of a liquid to flow; water has high fluidity.

Osmosis

The movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from a region of lower solute concentration to higher solute concentration.

Hypertonic Solution

A solution with a higher concentration of solutes compared to the cell's interior; causes the cell to lose water.

Hypotonic Solution

A solution with a lower concentration of solutes compared to the cell's interior; causes the cell to gain water.

Isotonic Solution

A solution with the same concentration of solutes as another solution; no net movement of water.

Dynamic Equilibrium

A state where concentrations are equal on both sides of a membrane, with no net movement of water.

Turgor Pressure

The pressure exerted by the fluid inside the cell against the cell wall, maintaining cell shape.

Effects of Hypertonic Solutions on Cells without Cell Walls

Cells may shrink and burst due to excess internal pressure from water exiting the cell.

Effects of Hypotonic Solutions on Cells without Cell Walls

Cells swell as water enters, potentially leading to bursting.

Effects of Hypertonic Solutions on Cells with Cell Walls

Cells shrink away from the cell wall but are protected from bursting due to the rigidity of the wall.

IV Fluids

Isotonic solutions used in medical treatments to prevent damage to organs and maintain water balance.

Net Movement of Water

The movement of water molecules resulting from a concentration gradient between solutions.