D2.3.1
Solvation (Water) | Water is polar due to uneven attraction between oxygen and hydrogen Hydrogen bond form between water molecules Water (solvent) has specific physical properties Specific heat capacity Shock absoportion Viscosity Fluidity
Other polar molecules can dissolve in water (solutes) If the attraction between ions and water is greater than the force between oppositely charged ions, water will dissolve the substance.
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D2.3.2
Water movement | Water moves from lower solute concentration to higher solute concentration Isotonic solutions have the same solute concentration as the other solution. No net movement of water Hypertonic solutions have a higher concentration. Water will move out of the cell towards the solution. Hypotonic solutions have lower conc. Water will move into the cell to the higher conc.
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D2.3.3
Osmosis through cells | Movement of water through a semipermeable membrane Hypotonic to hypertonic solution Isotonic will have equal conc. on both sides of the membrane Cell will shrink as a result of hypertonic movement Cell will swell in during hypotonic movement
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D2.3.4
Changes caused by water movement | |
D2.3.5
Affects on cells without a cell wall | Cells without a cell wall can reach a point where it bursts due to excess internal pressure In a hypertonic solution water will exit through osmosis leading to shrinking impacting the cell structure and function
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D2.3.6
Affects on cells with a cell wall | In hypertonic water will exit through osmosis causing the cell to shrink away from the cell wall In hypotonic the internal/turgor pressure increases causing the cytoplasm to press against the cell wall but the wall prevents bursting.
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D2.3.7
Isotonic in medical fieds | |