Electrostatics and Magnetism (5)

Coulomb

SI unit for charge

1.60 × 10^-19 C

both protons and electrons possess the fundamental unit of charge: e = _________

Attractive

opposite charges exert _________ forces

Repulsive

like charges exert ________ forces

Conductors

allow the free and uniform passage of elections when charged

Insulators

resist the movement of charge and will have localized areas of charge that do not distribute over the surface of the material

Coulomb's Law

gives the magnitude of the electrostatic force vector between two charges. The force vector always points along the line connecting the centers of the two charges

Electric Field

every charge generates this, which can exert forces on other charges. It is the ratio of the force that is exerted on a test charge to the magnitude of that charge

Field Lines

electric field vectors can be represented as ________ that radiate outward from positive source charges and radiate inward to negative source charges

Positive

_________ test charges will move in the direction of the field lines

Negative

_________ test charges will move in the direction opposite of the field lines

Electric Potential Energy

is the amount of work required to bring the test charge from infinitely far away to a given position in the vicinity of a source charge

Increase

the electric potential energy of a system will __________ when two like charges move toward each other or when two opposite charges move farther apart

Decrease

the electric potential energy of a system will __________ when two opposite charges move toward each other or when two like charges move farther apart

Electric Potential

is the electric potential energy per unit change

Potential Difference (Voltage)

is the change in electric potential that accompanies the movement of a test charge from one position to another. This is path independent and depends only on the initial and final positions of the test charge

Volts

units for both electric potential and voltage

Positive

________ test charges will move spontaneously from high potential to low potential

Negative

________ test charges will move spontaneously from low potential to high potential

Equipotential Lines

designate the set of points around a source charge or multiple source charges that have the same electric potential

Perpendicular

equipotential lines are always __________ to electric field lines

Work

________ is done when a charge is moved from one equipotential line to another; the work is independent of the pathway taken between the lines

No Work

________ is done when a charge moves from a point on an equipotential line to another point on the same equipotential line

Electric Dipole

two charges of opposite sign separated by a fixed distance, d, generate this

External

in an _________ electric field, an electric dipole will experience a net torque until it is aligned with the electric field vector

Magnetic Fields

are created by magnets and moving charges

Tesla (T)

SI unit for the magnetic field is this. 1 this = 10,000 gauss

Diamagnetic Materials

possess no unpaired electrons and are slightly repelled by a magnet

Paramagnetic Materials

possess some unpaired electrons and become weakly magnetic in an external magnetic field

Ferromagnetic Materials

possess some unpaired electrons and become strongly magnetic in an external magnetic field

Concentric

current-carrying wires create magnetic fields that are ________ circles surrounding the wire

Parallel or Antiparallel

external magnetic fields exert fores on charges moving in any direction except _________ to the field

Point Charges

may undergo uniform circular motion in a uniform magnetic field wherein the centripetal force is the magnetic force acting on the point charge

Right-hand Rule

the direction of the magnetic force on a moving charge or current-carrying wire is determined using this

Lorentz Force

is the sum of the electrostatic and magnetic forces acting on a body