A&P handout terms

Abrasion

a scraping or rubbing away of the skin due to friction.

Abscess

a localized collection of pus in any part of the body.

Acne

a skin condition that occurs when your hair follicles become plugged with oil and dead skin cells.It often causes whiteheads, blackheads or pimples, and usually appears on the face, forehead, chest, upper back and shoulders. Acne is most common among teenagers, though it affects people of all ages. Acne vulgaris is the most common form of acne.

Atrichosis

absence of hair.

Baldness

excessive hair loss from the head. The term "balding" is most commonly used to refer to androgenetic alopecia, or male or female pattern hair loss.

Bedsore (decubitus or pressure ulcer)

an ulcer in the skin over a bony part of the body resulting from a loss of blood supply and oxygen due to pressure on that part of the body. Appears as an open sore.

Blackhead

comedones that are open at the surface of the skin. They are filled with excess oil and dead skin cells.

Boil (Furuncle)

an inflammation of the hair follicles and sebaceous glands usually caused Staphylococcus and Streptococcus bacteria. Furuncles most commonly appear on the face, neck, thigh, and buttocks.

Callus

a common and usually painless thickening of the epidermis at sites of external pressure or friction.

Candidiasis

an infection caused by a fungus (yeast) commonly Candida albicans. It can affect the nails, vagina, mouth (thrush), and other regions.

Carbuncle

an inflammation of the skin and deeper tissues containing pus and discharges to the surface. A many headed boil.

Cellulitis

a diffuse acute infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissues displaying localized heat deep redness, pain, and swelling.

Immune system

second line of defense. White blood cells.

Chicken pox

an itchy rash or pustules caused by the Herpes varicella zoster virus. Prevented by vaccination.

Comedones

basic acne lesion, is a hair follicle that has become clogged with oil and dead skin cells. Comedones (the plural of comedo) can develop into bumps called whiteheads and blackheads.

Contact dermatitis

itching, swelling, redness, or rash that can progress to blister formation resulting from contact or allergic reaction to chemicals, jewelry, latex gloves, poison ivy, cosmetics, or a variety of substances. Diaper rash is a type of contact dermatitis.

Contusion

an injury to a part of the body that does not break the skin. Blood capillaries are ruptured resulting in a bruise.

Corns

a painful inwardly growing callus that can occur as the result of incorrectly fitted shoes..

Cryosurgery

a noninvasive treatment for melanoma skin cancer and warts using liquid nitrogen to freeze the tissue.

Cyst

a closed sac or pouch within the skin that contains fluid, semi-fluid, or solid material. A Ganglion cyst (Bible cyst) is a knot or lump that commonly appears on the wrist or ankle. They may be associated with trauma, age, or osteoarthritis. We can aspirate it, surgically remove it. Related to overuse of joint, or falling of

Neoplasm

abnormal growth of cells.

Debridement

removal of debris, foreign objects, and damaged or necrotic tissue from a wound in order to prevent infection and to promote healing.

Dermatitis

inflammation of the skin.

Diaphoresis

sweating from pain.

Ehlers (Danlos Syndrome)

a genetic connective tissue disorder. The skin appears elastic, fragile, translucent, and bruises easily. Other symptoms include overly flexible joints and cardiovascular problems. Result of a pleiotropic genome. Affects the strings of the heart. A lot of people have loose joints, which can become crippling overtime.

Elastoderma

a rare genetic disorder causing elasticity and decreased recoil of the skin

Eczema (atopic dermatitis)

an acute or chronic inflammatory skin condition having erythema,

papules, vesicles, pustules, scales, crusts, or scabs with intense itching. Common in children but not contagious.

Exfoliation

peeling off of tissue cells as in peeling sunburned skin.

Fever blisters (Cold sore)

tiny, fluid-filled blisters on and around mucocutaneous membranes such as the lips, in the nose, and eyes.. These blisters are often grouped together in patches. After the blisters break, a scab forms that can last several days. Cold sores usually heal in two to three weeks without leaving a scar. They can be painful and cause embarrassment.

They are usually caused by herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). HSV-1

- hides in spinal nerves.

- Appears during stress, fever.

- Migrates to mucocutaneous membranes of mouth, nose, eyes.

- HSV-2 is a sexually transmitted disease.

- A c section will be done if the mother has an outbreak while giving birth.

Fifth's disease (Slapped cheek disease) (Erythema infectiosum)

a contagious viral infection caused by the human parvovirus. The most recognized symptom of fifth disease is a sudden, bright red rash across the cheeks that looks as if the child has been slapped. It is also associated with mild fever, headaches, and fatigue.

Folliculitis

a common skin condition in which hair follicles become inflamed. It's usually caused by a bacterial or fungal infection. At first it may look like small red bumps or white-headed pimples around hair follicles — the tiny pockets from which each hair grows. May be associated with shaving. Men get folliculitis while shaving.

Gangrene

refers to the death of body tissue due to either a lack of blood flow or a serious anaerobic bacterial infection (Clostidium perfringins). Gangrene commonly affects the extremities, including your toes, fingers and limbs, but it can also occur in your muscles and internal organs. Common in injuries, burst appendix, and diabetes. Perfingins cause gangrene.

Hemangioma

a bright red birthmark-like malady that shows up at birth or in the first or second week of life. It looks like a rubbery bump and is made up of extra blood vessels in the skin. A hemangioma can occur anywhere on the body, but most commonly appears on the face, scalp, chest or back.

Hypertrichosis

a genetic disorder resulting in excessive hair growth over and above the normal for the age, sex and race of an individual. It can develop all over the body (werewolf) or can be isolated to small patches.

Ichthyosis

An inherited dermatological disorder in which the skin is dry, hyperkeratonic, and fissured resembling fish scales. There are 3 degrees of ichthyosis ranging from mild to Type III. Type III or Harlequin ichthyosis is grotesque and for the most part fatal. Ichthyosis type 1 is a small spot of dryness Ichthyosis type 2 needs to be covered on dry days. Ichthyosis type 3 has skin that peels away every time.

Impetigo (Indian fire)

a common and highly contagious superficial skin infection that mainly affects infants and children. It usually appears as red sores on the face, especially around a child's nose and mouth, and on hands and feet. The sores burst and develop honey-colored crusts. It is caused by Staphylococcus or Streptococcus bacteria.

Keloid

a type of raised scar caused by collagen build-up.. They occur where the skin has healed after an injury. They can grow to be much larger than the original injury that caused the scar. Anything that can cause a scar can cause a keloid. This includes being burned, cut, having severe acne, or intentional scarification. Ancient societies encouraged the growth of keloids. Keloids form cysts from keratin.

Laceration - a tear in the skin.

Leprosy (Hansen disease)'s

a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae. The disease mainly affects the skin, the peripheral nerves, mucosal surfaces of the upper respiratory tract and the eyes. Leprosy is known to occur at all ages ranging from early infancy to very old age. Symptoms of leprosy may include painless ulcers, skin lesions of hypopigmented macules (flat, pale areas of skin), and eye damage (dryness, reduced blinking). Later, large ulcerations, loss of digits, skin nodules, and facial and body disfigurement may develop. Armadillo carries leprosy.

Lesion

any visible damage to skin tissue such as a sore, wound, boil, or rash.

Liver spots (Age spots or Sun spots)

small, flat dark areas on the skin. They vary in size and usually appear on areas exposed to the sun, such as the face, hands, shoulders and arms. Liver spots are very common in adults older than 50, but younger people can get them if they spend excess time in the sun. They are not cancerous and have nothing to do with the liver.

Lyme disease

bacterial (Borrelia burgdorferi) infection you get from the bite of an infected deer tick. At first, Lyme disease usually causes symptoms such as a rash (target), fever, headache, and fatigue. But if it is not treated early, the infection can spread to joints, heart, and nervous system. It can be fatal. Prompt treatment with antibiotics can help in quick recovery. Stage 1: discomfort, little fever, a little mark. Stage 2: more tired, fever, joints sore. Stage 3: life threatening.

Mast cell

a cell found within connective tissue that contains heparin and histamines. These substances are released in response to injury and infection.

Measles (Rubeola)

a highly contagious infectious disease caused by ta paramyxoviridae virus usually affecting children. Once quite common, measles can now almost always be prevented with a vaccine. Symptoms may include a rash, dry cough, runny nose, sore throat.

Michelin tire baby syndrome

an extremely rare genetic condition with a characteristic generalized folding of excess skin resulting in the patient resembling the Michelin tire logo.

Necrosis

degeneration and death of tissue.

Neurofibromatosis

a serious genetic disorder 1/3000 births that causes tumors to form on nervous tissue. These tumors can develop anywhere in the nervous system, including the brain, spinal cord and nerves. In Type I neurofibromatosis the patient may exhibit café-au-lait spots, which are flat patches on the skin that are darker than the surrounding area. During childhood, benign growths called Lisch nodules often appear in the colored part of the eye (the iris). Lisch nodules do not interfere with vision. Elephant man is the worst case of neurofibromatosis.

Nevus

a mole. A visual accumulation of melanocytes creating a flat or raised (macule or papule) with defined borders.

Onycholysis

separation of the fingernail from the bed, It usually starts at the tip of the nail and

progresses back. It can be caused by trauma, prolonged immersion of nails in water, and fungal infections.

Pachyderma

thick skin, like that of a pachyderm (an elephant, rhinoceros, or hippopotamus).

Paronychia (Run around)

an infection of the fold of the skin around fingernails and toenails. Bacteria or a type of yeast called Candida typically cause this infection. Bacteria and yeast can even combine in one infection.

Pediculosis - infestation of lice.

Pediculus humanus - body lice

Pediculus capitis

head lice

Phthirus pubis

pubic lice.

Petechiae

tiny pinpoint red, purple, or brown spots on the skin that usually appear on the arms, legs, stomach, buttocks, or cheeks. They may result from injuries, fever, several types of viral infections, and other causes.

Pimple

a type of comedo that results from excess sebum and dead skin cells getting trapped in the pores of the skin. In its aggravated state, it may evolve into a pustule or papules.

Plantar wart

small growths that usually appear on weight bearing areas of the foot such as the heels. The warts grow inwardly causing pain. They are caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV).

Polyp

a small, stalk-like growth that protrudes upward or outward from a mucous membrane surface, like a mushroom stalk. Can trap bacteria.

Pores

openings of the skin through which substances such as water, salts, and some fatty substances are excreted.

Pruritus

itching.

Psoriasis

a common, noninfectious , chronic disorder of the skin characterized by silvery-white scales over rounded, raised, red-domed plaques. This disorder can cause skin cells to multiply up to 10 times faster than normal.The scales can grow anywhere, but most appear on the scalp, elbows, knees, and lower back.

Rosacea

is a common skin condition that causes redness and visible blood vessels in the face. It may also produce small, red, pus-filled bumps. The exact cause of rosacea is unknown, but it could be due to a combination of hereditary and environmental factors. Rosacea is not caused by poor hygiene.

Scarlet fever

characterized by a sunburn-like rash that begins near the ears and spreads to the face and abdomen caused by Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A Beta Streptococcus). It also results in sore throat, headache and swollen lymph nodes. It develops in some people who have strep throat. Scarlet fever was once considered a serious childhood illness, antibiotic treatments have made it less threatening.

Seborrhea

excessive secretion of sebum, resulting in excessive oily skin or even dry scales.

Shingles

a viral infection that causes a painful rash. Although shingles can occur anywhere on the body, it most often appears as a single stripe of blisters that wraps around either the left or the right side of your torso. Shingles is caused by the Herpes varicella-zoster virus — the same virus that causes chickenpox.

Skin tags (Cutaneous papilloma)

small brownish or flesh colored outgrowths of skin occurring frequently on the neck.

Smallpox

a highly contagious, disfiguring and often deadly disease that has affected humans for thousands of years. Naturally occurring smallpox was eradicated worldwide by 1980 — the result of an unprecedented global immunization campaign. It is caused by the variola virus. Variola virus classification: DNA virus. Family Poxviridae,.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

a chronic multisystem, inflammatory disease characterized by lesions of the nervous system and skin, renal problems, and vasculitis (butterfly shaped rash on the face. Tinea or ringworm infections -caused by several species of fungi not a worm. Signs include a red, scaly patch or bump that itches. Over time, the bump turns into a ring- or circle-shaped patch. It may turn into several rings. The inside of the patch is usually clear or scaly. The outside might be slightly raised and bumpy.

Tinea barbae

beard

Tinea capitis

scalp

Tinea cruris

jock itch

Tinea pedis

athletes foot

Tinea corporis

body

Tinea versicolor

small, round pigmented circles usually on the chest, back, and shoulders.

Urticaria (hives)

appear as red, itchy welts that result from a skin reaction. The welts vary in size and appear and fade repeatedly as the reaction runs its course.

Vesicle (Blister)

a thin walled skin malady containing fluid.

Vitiligo

a skin disorder characterized by nonpigmented white patches of skin of varying sizes that are surrounded by skin of normal pigmentation.

Wart

a benign elevated skin malady that results from hypertrophy of the epidermis. Common warts are usually harmless and appear on the fingers, knee, etc... They are caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV).

Wheal

a region of the skin which is temporarily raised, reddened, and perhaps itches. Cause by a sudden blow, insect bite, or an allergic reaction.

Whitehead

Comedones that stay closed at the surface of the skin. Oil and skin cells prevent a clogged hair follicle from opening.

Xeroderma pigmentosum

an inherited condition characterized by an extreme sensitivity to ultraviolet (UV) rays from sunlight. This condition mostly affects the eyes and areas of skin exposed to the sun. Some affected individuals also have problems involving the nervous system. The signs of xeroderma pigmentosum usually appear in infancy or early childhood. Many affected children develop a severe sunburn after spending just a few minutes in the sun. People with xeroderma pigmentosum have a greatly increased risk of developing skin cancer. It is associated with a faulty DNA repair enzyme.

Pallor

they are pale or sickly.