ENG - understanding scientific articles

vigorous

strong, energetic and full of force or activity

reiterate

to say or repeat something again, often for emphasis or clarity

prescriptive rules

guidelines about how language should be used, according to traditional standards (often taught in schools)

transitive verbs

verbs that require a direct object to complete their meaning

agent deletion

a grammatical process where the doer of an action (the agent) is left out, often in passive sentences

framing

the way information is presented or structured to influence how it is understood

rhetorical choices

the decisions a speaker/writer makes to communicate effectively and persuade an audience (e.g. tone, word choice, structure, rhetorical devices)

semantic meaning

the literal, dictionary meaning of a word or sentence

pragmatic meaning

the meaning or purpose of language based on context, intention and social situation (e.g. ‘Can you open the window?’ = a request, not just a question about ability)