REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM - TEAS

What is the primary function of the reproductive system?

Produce gametes, hormones, and offspring

What are gonads?

Primary reproductive organs

What are the male gonads?

Testes

What are the female gonads?

Ovaries

What are gametes?

Sex cells

What is the male gamete?

Sperm

What is the female gamete?

Egg (ovum)

Are gametes haploid or diploid?

Haploid

How many chromosomes do human gametes contain?

23

What process produces gametes?

Meiosis

What process produces body cells?

Mitosis

What is fertilization?

Union of sperm and egg

What is formed after fertilization?

Zygote

What is a zygote?

Fertilized egg cell

What develops from a zygote?

Embryo and eventually fetus

What is the primary male reproductive organ?

Testes

What hormone do the testes produce?

Testosterone

Where are the testes located?

Scrotum

Why are the testes located outside the body?

Cooler temperatures improve sperm production

What is the scrotum?

Skin pouch containing the testes

What is the septum of the scrotum?

Divider separating the testes

What is spermatogenesis?

Production of sperm cells

Where does spermatogenesis occur?

Seminiferous tubules

What are seminiferous tubules?

Coiled tubes inside the testes

What is the epididymis?

Site where sperm mature and are stored

What is the vas deferens?

Tube that transports sperm

What is the ejaculatory duct?

Passageway carrying sperm toward the urethra

What is the urethra?

Tube that carries urine and semen out of the body

What is the penis?

Male copulatory organ

What is the function of the penis?

Deliver sperm into the female reproductive tract

What are seminal vesicles?

Glands that contribute fluid to semen

What is semen?

Fluid that carries sperm

Does semen contain sperm by itself?

No, sperm mixes with semen during ejaculation

What is the function of seminal fluid?

Nourishes and protects sperm

What percentage of ejaculate comes from seminal vesicles?

Majority of the volume

What is the prostate gland?

Gland surrounding the urethra

What does the prostate gland secrete?

Fluid that activates sperm

What is the function of prostate secretions?

Improve sperm motility and fertility

What are bulbourethral glands?

Accessory glands near the prostate

What do bulbourethral glands secrete?

Lubricating mucus

What is the purpose of bulbourethral secretions?

Lubrication and protection

What is the primary female reproductive organ?

Ovary

What hormones do ovaries produce?

Estrogen and progesterone

What do ovaries produce besides hormones?

Egg cells

What is oogenesis?

Production and maturation of eggs

Where does oogenesis occur?

Ovaries

What is an oocyte?

Immature egg cell

What is a follicle?

Structure containing a developing egg

What is a primordial follicle?

Immature follicle

What is a vesicular follicle?

Mature follicle containing fluid

What is the antrum?

Fluid

What is ovulation?

Release of an egg from the ovary

Where does the egg go after ovulation?

Fallopian tube

What is another name for the fallopian tube?

Uterine tube

Where does fertilization usually occur?

Fallopian tube

What is the uterus?

Organ where a fetus develops

What is another name for the uterus?

Womb

What happens after fertilization?

Implantation into the uterine lining

What is implantation?

Attachment of a fertilized egg to the uterus

Where does implantation occur?

Endometrium of the uterus

What is the cervix?

Lower opening of the uterus

What is the cervical canal?

Passageway connecting uterus and vagina

What is the vagina?

Muscular canal connecting uterus to outside of body

What are the functions of the vagina?

Sexual intercourse, childbirth, and menstrual flow

What is the vulva?

External female genitalia

What is the mons pubis?

Fatty tissue above the pubic bone

What is the function of the mons pubis?

Cushioning and protection

What are the labia majora?

Outer folds of skin

What are the labia minora?

Inner folds of skin

What is the vestibule?

Area containing urethral and vaginal openings

What is the urethral opening?

Opening through which urine exits

What is the vaginal opening?

Opening for intercourse, childbirth, and menstruation

What is estrogen?

Female sex hormone

What are the functions of estrogen?

Female secondary sex characteristics and uterine lining growth

What is progesterone?

Hormone that maintains the uterine lining

What is the function of progesterone during pregnancy?

Supports fetal development

What is testosterone?

Primary male sex hormone

What are the functions of testosterone?

Sperm production and male secondary sex characteristics

What is the hypothalamus?

Brain region controlling endocrine function

What gland does the hypothalamus regulate?

Pituitary gland

What are the two parts of the pituitary gland?

Anterior and posterior pituitary

Does the posterior pituitary produce hormones?

No

What hormones are released from the posterior pituitary?

Oxytocin and ADH

What is oxytocin?

Hormone that stimulates uterine contractions

When is oxytocin important?

Childbirth

What is prolactin?

Hormone that stimulates milk production

Where is prolactin produced?

Anterior pituitary

What is FSH?

Follicle

What does FSH do in females?

Stimulates egg development

What does FSH do in males?

Stimulates sperm production

What is LH?

Luteinizing hormone

What does LH do in females?

Triggers ovulation

What does LH do in males?

Stimulates testosterone production

Which hormone triggers ovulation?

LH

Which hormone stimulates sperm production?

FSH

Which hormone stimulates milk production?

Prolactin

Which hormone stimulates uterine contractions?

Oxytocin

What are secondary sex characteristics in females?

Breast development, wider hips, body fat distribution

What are secondary sex characteristics in males?

Facial hair, deeper voice, increased muscle mass

Are estrogen and testosterone found in both sexes?

Yes