Neural Physiology and Neurotransmitters

This set of vocabulary flashcards covers neural anatomy, the mechanics of action potentials, the function of neurotransmitters, and the effects of specific inhibitors and neurotoxins based on the lecture notes.

Axon hillock

The initial segment of the axon where an action potential begins.

Action potential purpose

The primary objective of this process is to release neurotransmitters.

Action potential speed

Described as being like $700$, which corresponds to approximately $0.7\,\text{seconds}$.

Neurolemma

The plasma membrane or viral membrane of a neuron through which ions can leak.

Neurotoxins

Substances that stop neurons from releasing neurotransmitters, often used by predators like snakes.

Reuptake

The biological process of moving a neurotransmitter back into the neuron.

Cocaine

A dopamine reuptake inhibitor that prolongs the effects of dopamine to the point of over-activating neurons.

Ritalin

A medication that works the same exact way as cocaine by acting as a reuptake inhibitor.

Central nervous system

The division of the nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord.

Valerian degeneration

A principle stating that a damaged axon degenerates distally from the site of injury.

Distal

A directional term meaning away from the site of attachment or origin.

Myelin spaces

The gaps between insulation on an axon that prevent the loss of ions.