biology 🤞🏼

What is classification

Classification is the process of grouping living organism based on shared characteristics, such as structure, reproduction, and nutrition

List the levels of classification in order

Kingdom

Phylum

Class

Order

Family

Genus

Species

What is species?

A species is a group of organisms that can reproduce to produce fertile offspring

Describe kingdom, Monera

Manera contains unicellular prokaryotic organisms with non-nucleus or membrane-bound organelles

Describe kingdom Protista

Protists are mostly unicellular, eukaryotic organisms that live in water (plant-like, animal-like or fungus-like)

Describe kingdom fungi

Fungi are multicellular (except yeast), non-photosynthetic organisms that feed by absorption. They have cell walls made of chitin

Describe kingdom plantae

Plants are multicellular eukaryotic organisms that contain chlorophyll and make their own food by photosynthesis

Describe kingdom Animalia

Animals are multicellular eukaryotic organisms that feed on other organisms unusually show movement

What are arthropods?

Arthropods are invertebrate with a hard exoskeleton, join legs, and segmented body

Characteristics of insects

Insects have three body parts (head, thorax, abdomen) six leg, antennae usuallyl wings

What is a cell?

A cell is the smallest unit of life capable of carrying out the life process?

Differentiate between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

prokaryotic cells have no nucleus or membrane- bound organelles (bacteria). Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and membrane-bond organelles (plant and animal cells)

Name three features only found in plant cells

Several chloroplast and a large permanent vacuole

Why does animal cells not have chloroplast

Photosynthesis and depends on other organisms for food

Function of the nucleus

Controlled cell activity and contain genetic material DNA

Function of mitochondria

Side of aerobic respiration; releases energy for cell activities

Function of ribosomes

Protein synthesis

Function of the vacuole

Stores water, food and waste; helps maintain shape in plants

Function of the cell membrane

Control what enters and leave the cell; selectively permeable

Function of chloroplast

Contains chlorophyll and are the sides of photosynthesis

What is diffusion?

Movement of particles from area of high concentration to low without energy

What is osmosis?

Movement of water molecules to a semipermeable membrane from high water concentration to low water concentration

What is active transport?

Move up substances from low to high concentration engine energy

What is ecology?

The study of relationship between organisms and their environment

Define producer, consumer and decomposer

Producers make food, consumer eat others, decomposers breakdown that matter

What is a food chain?

A single pathway showing the whole energy flows from one organism to another

What is a food web?

A network of interconnected food chains

What is mutualism?

A relationship where both organisms benefit

What is parasitism?

A relationship where one organism benefits, and other is harmed

What commensalism

A real relationship where one benefit and the other is unaffected

Pyramid of energy

Choose energy transfer between trophic level

Pyramid of mass

Shows the total mass of organisms at each trophic level

What is quant sample used for?

Estimating plant population size

List three human activities that harm the environment

Deforestation pollution and overfishing

What is photosynthesis

Process by which green plants make glucose using light energy, carbon dioxide and water

Photosynthesis equation

6CO₂ + 6H₂O + light energy → C₆H₁₂O₆ (glucose) + 6O₂

In simpler terms:

Carbon dioxide + Water + Light energy → Glucose + Oxygen

What is a foot test?

A foot test is a chemical test used to identify the presence of specific nutrients enough food sample, using reagents that change color when the nutrients is presented

What nutrients does the iodine test detect?

Starch

What are the procedures for the iodine test?

Place food sample in a test tube

Add a few drops of iodine solution

Observe the color change

Why does iodine turn blue black with starch?

Iodine reacts with the starch molecules, forming a complex that causes the color to change

What does the Benedict test detect?

Reducing sugar

Procedures for the Benedict test

Add Benedict solution to the food sample

Heat in a water bath for 3 to 5 minutes

Observe color change

Results of the Benedict test

Blue, no sugar

Green yellow, a small amount

Orange, red large amount

Why must Benedict test be heated?

Heat provides energy for the reaction between reducing sugar and a Benedict solution

What is the carbon cycle?

The carbon cycle is the continuous movement of carbon between the atmosphere live in organisms, so ocean and fossil fuels

Roll of photosynthesis in the carbon cycle

Plant observed carbon dioxide from the atmosphere to make glucose storing carbon in plant tissues

Role of respiration in the carbon cycle

Given organisms release carbon dioxide back into the atmosphere during respiration

Role of decomposition in the carbon cycle

Decomposers, breakbone, dead organisms, releasing carbon dioxide into air and carbon into the soil

Human impact on the carbon cycle

Deforestation and burning fossil fuels in increasing atmosphere, CO2 contributing to global warming

What is the nitrogen cycle?

The nitrogen is cycle, describes how nitrogen move between atmosphere soil plants, animals, and bacteria

Why can’t plants use atmosphere nitrogen directly?

Atmosphere, nitrogen is two stable animals be converted into nitrate or ammonium by bacteria

What is nitrogen fixation?

The process we are knighted and fixed them bacteria convert atmospheric nitrogen into ammonium compounds

What is Nitrification

The conversion of ammonium into nitrites and then nitrates by nitrifying bacteria

What is assimilation

Plans observed nitrate from the soil to make protein animals obtain nitrogen by eating plants or other animals

What is decomposition in the nitrogen cycle?

Decomposers breakdown, dead organisms, and ways releasing ammonium into the soil

What is denitrification?

Denitrifying bacteria convert nitrate back into nitrogen gas, returning it to the atmosphere

Do you want impact on a nitrogen cycle?

Overuse of fertilizer causes water, pollution, and eutrophication