C.4.1.1 (2) Drive theory and the Inverted-U Hypothesis
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Last updated 1:11 PM on 3/26/26
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18 Terms
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Drive theory diagram
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What does Drive Theory state about arousal and performance
Performance increases linearly as arousal increases
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What does Drive Theory predict about performance
Continuous improvement as arousal increases
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Why can Drive Theory not explain performance decline?
It cannot explain why performance deteriorates at very high arousal levels
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How does Drive Theory fail in relation to anxiety?
It does not distinguish between arousal and anxiety or account for negative emotional states
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How does Drive Theory ignore skill complexity?
It does not consider task difficulty or skill requirements in the arousal-performance relationship
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Why is Drive Theory considered overly simplistic?
It reduces a complex psychological relationship to a single linear model
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What does the Inverted-U Theory propose?
The relationship between arousal and performance follows an inverted U-shape
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How does performance change according to the Inverted-U Theory?
It increases with arousal up to an optimal point, then declines
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What happens at low arousal levels?
Underperformance due to insufficient activation
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What are characteristics of low arousal?
Boredom, lack of focus, insufficient activation
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What characterises the optimal arousal zone?
Appropriate attention and activation leading to optimal performance
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What happens at high arousal levels?
Performance declines due to excessive arousal
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What are the effects of high arousal?
Anxiety, errors, loss of motor control, and cognitive impairment
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What limitation relates to individual differences in the Inverted-U Theory?
It assumes one optimal arousal level applies to all performers regardless of differences
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What methodological concern exists with the Inverted-U Theory?
It is partly based on animal research, limiting applicability to humans
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Why can the Inverted-U Theory not explain choking under pressure?
It cannot account for sudden, dramatic performance collapse
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What measurement issue exists with the Inverted-U Theory?
It is difficult to measure optimal arousal or predict the exact decline point
