Presidents Test Review Guide

George Washington

Years: 1789-1797; Political Party: None; Precedents; Bill of Rights; Hamilton's Financial Plan; Whiskey Rebellion; Jay's & Pinckney's Treaties; Neutrality Proclamation; Farewell Address; 2-party system begins

John Adams

Years: 1797-1801; Political Party: Federalist; XYZ Affair → Quasi-War; Alien & Sedition Acts; VA & KY Resolutions; Midnight Judges

Thomas Jefferson

Years: 1801-1809; Political Party: Democratic-Republican; Revolution of 1800; Tripoli War; Marbury v. Madison; Louisiana Purchase; End slave trade; Chesapeake-Leopard → Embargo Act; Non-Intercourse Act

James Madison

Years: 1809-1817; Political Party: Democratic-Republican; Macon's Bill #2; Tecumseh; War of 1812; Hartford Convention; American System

James Monroe

Years: 1817-1825; Political Party: Democratic-Republican; Era of Good Feelings; Adams-Onís Treaty; Monroe Doctrine; Panic of 1819; Missouri Compromise; Marshall Court

John Quincy Adams

Years: 1825-1829; Political Party: Democratic-Republican; Corrupt Bargain; Tariff of Abominations

Andrew Jackson

Years: 1829-1837; Political Party: Democrat; Spoils System; Nullification Crisis; Bank War; Trail of Tears; Texas independence; Whig Party forms

Martin Van Buren

Years: 1837-1841; Political Party: Democrat; Panic of 1837; Independent Treasury; Caroline Affair; Aroostook War

William Henry Harrison

Years: 1841; Political Party: Whig; First modern campaign; dies → succession precedent

John Tyler

Years: 1841-1845; Political Party: Whig; Vetoes Whigs; expelled; Webster-Ashburton Treaty; Texas annexed

James K. Polk

Years: 1845-1849; Political Party: Democrat; Manifest Destiny; Oregon Treaty; Mexican-American War; Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo; Wilmot Proviso

Zachary Taylor

Years: 1849-1850; Political Party: Whig; Opposes Compromise of 1850; dies

Millard Fillmore

Years: 1850-1853; Political Party: Whig; Compromise of 1850; Fugitive Slave Law; Perry opens Japan

Franklin Pierce

Years: 1853-1857; Political Party: Democrat; Kansas-Nebraska Act; Bleeding Kansas; Gadsden Purchase; Republican Party forms

James Buchanan

Years: 1857-1861; Political Party: Democrat; Dred Scott; Harpers Ferry; Secession

Abraham Lincoln

Years: 1861-1865; Political Party: Republican; Civil War; Emancipation; Gettysburg; 10% Plan

Andrew Johnson

Years: 1865-1869; Political Party: Democrat; Reconstruction conflict; 13th-15th Amendments; Impeached

Ulysses S. Grant

Years: 1869-1877; Political Party: Republican; Corruption; KKK suppressed; Transcontinental RR

Rutherford B. Hayes

Years: 1877-1881; Political Party: Republican; Compromise of 1877; ends Reconstruction

James A. Garfield

Years: 1881; Political Party: Republican; Assassinated

Chester A. Arthur

Years: 1881-1885; Political Party: Republican; Pendleton Act; Chinese Exclusion Act

Grover Cleveland (1st)

Years: 1885-1889; Political Party: Democrat; ICC; Dawes Act; Haymarket Riot

Benjamin Harrison

Years: 1889-1893; Political Party: Republican; Sherman Antitrust; McKinley Tariff; Populist Party

Grover Cleveland (2nd)

Years: 1893-1897; Political Party: Democrat; Plessy v. Ferguson; Pullman Strike

William McKinley

Years: 1897-1901; Political Party: Republican; Spanish-American War; Imperialism; Open Door Policy

Theodore Roosevelt

Years: 1901-1909; Political Party: Republican; Trust-busting; Square Deal; Panama Canal; Progressive Era

William Howard Taft

Years: 1909-1913; Political Party: Republican; Dollar Diplomacy; Trust-busting; Tariff issues

Woodrow Wilson

Years: 1913-1921; Political Party: Democrat; WWI; 14 Points; Federal Reserve; Treaty of Versailles; Red Scare

Warren G. Harding

Years: 1921-1923; Political Party: Republican; Teapot Dome; Return to Normalcy

Calvin Coolidge

Years: 1923-1929; Political Party: Republican; Pro-business; tax cuts; Dawes Plan

Herbert Hoover

Years: 1929-1933; Political Party: Republican; Great Depression; Hoovervilles; Smoot-Hawley Tariff

Franklin D. Roosevelt

Years: 1933-1945; Political Party: Democrat; New Deal; Social Security; WWII; D-Day

Harry S. Truman

Years: 1945-1953; Political Party: Democrat; Atomic bombs; Cold War; Truman Doctrine; NATO; Korean War

Dwight D. Eisenhower

Years: 1953-1961; Political Party: Republican; Interstate Highways; Cold War; Brown v. Board; Sputnik

John F. Kennedy

Years: 1961-1963; Political Party: Democrat; Cuban Missile Crisis; Space Race; New Frontier

Lyndon B. Johnson

Years: 1963-1969; Political Party: Democrat; Civil Rights Act; Great Society; Vietnam War

Richard Nixon

Years: 1969-1974; Political Party: Republican; Watergate; Vietnamization; détente; EPA

Gerald Ford

Years: 1974-1977; Political Party: Republican; Pardons Nixon; inflation

Jimmy Carter

Years: 1977-1981; Political Party: Democrat; Camp David Accords; Iran Hostage Crisis; energy crisis

Ronald Reagan

Years: 1981-1989; Political Party: Republican; Reaganomics; Cold War pressure; Iran-Contra

George H.W. Bush

Years: 1989-1993; Political Party: Republican; End of Cold War; Gulf War

Bill Clinton

Years: 1993-2001; Political Party: Democrat; NAFTA; impeachment; economic growth

George W. Bush

Years: 2001-2009; Political Party: Republican; 9/11; War on Terror; Great Recession

Barack Obama

Years: 2009-2017; Political Party: Democrat; ACA; stimulus; ISIS

Donald Trump

Years: 2017-2021; Political Party: Republican; Tax cuts; trade wars; impeachment; COVID-19

Joe Biden

Years: 2021-24 ; Political Party: Democrat; COVID recovery; infrastructure; inflation; Afghanistan withdrawal