Digestive and Respiratory Systems

These flashcards cover key vocabulary terms and definitions related to the digestive and respiratory systems as presented in the lecture notes.

the digestive system

The organ system involved in the digestion and absorption of food, consisting of the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus.

Peristalsis

Wave-like muscle contractions that move food along the digestive tract.

Mucosa

The innermost layer of digestive organs, involved in secretion and absorption.

Segmentation

Rhythmic contractions that mix food with digestive juices in the intestine.

Saliva

A digestive secretion produced by salivary glands that contains enzymes such as amylase for carbohydrate digestion.

Bile

A digestive fluid produced by the liver that emulsifies fats.

Metabolic Rate

The rate at which the body expends energy.

Absorptive State

The time during digestion when nutrients are being absorbed and insulin levels are high.

External Respiration

Gas exchange occurring between the lungs and blood.

Internal Respiration

Gas exchange occurring between blood and tissues.

Chemoreceptors

Receptors sensitive to carbon dioxide (CO2), oxygen (O2), and pH levels in the blood.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

A group of lung diseases that block airflow and make it difficult to breathe.