combind 2.1

The cathode end of an X-ray tube is

The negative end

unit for exposure and unit of charge

columb

The ____ acts as a rectifier on the linear accelerator

circulator

What is the unit of voltage?

Volts

Electrons move in response to

Changes and pressure or potential difference

Term used for describing force of electrons

Electricomotive force

Voltage

Potential difference

What is electrical power measured in?

Watts

What type of volt are used in treatment of radiation therapy?

Mega volts (mV)

What type of volts Are used in a diagnostic x-ray

Kv (patient absorbs more of x-ray)

Is an electromagnet utilized in radiographic equipment

Yes, to produce electric currents

What is an electric current?

The flow of electrons over a set amount of time

Why do we image in radiation therapy?

To identify and verify the isocenter

What electrical material has zero resistance to low temperatures?

Super conductors

What is electric power?

The rate of energy used

More turns in a conducting coil Will

Produce more voltage

What is the rate at which energy is used?

Power (Measured in volts)

What rotates the anode inside an xray tube

Induction motor

What is the unit for current?

Ampere (A)

how much voltages are used in x-ray circuits to produce high energy x-ray

20,000 - 120,000

In what type of material are electrons sent in only One Direction

Semiconductor

Why do we image in radiation therapy

To identify and verify the isocenter

What type of material is there no Current flow

Insulators

How many volts in 1 kilovolt?

1000 V

What are capacitors used in?

Mobile x-ray machines

What kind of material is silicone?

Semiconductor

Is voltage and current flow directly proportional or indirectly

Directly proportional

If voltage increases current flow increases

What produces electron flow and current?

Voltage

When does an energy potential difference exist?

When one end of a conductor has excess of electrons and the other end has a deficiency causing a current flow

What are the factors that affect an induced current?

Strength of the magnetic field

Speed of motion between magnetic field and conductor

Angle between magnetic field lines and conductor

The amount of turns in the conductor coil

What does a changing magnetic field produce?

An electric field which causes electrons to move in the conductor

What kind of image is used for tumor localization

Ct

what principles are important when talking about radiological equipment and imaging

Electricity and electric currents

What is resistance?

Opposition to current flow

What does a current in a conductor create

Magnetic fields around the conductor

What mediums can electron move in?

Vacuum, Gas, Isotonic solution, Metallic conductor

What is a capacitor?

Temporarily stores electrical charges

What is the principle of induction motors?

Mutual induction

What is electrical energy?

Energy used by carrying electrons in a conductor

When do electrical charges move?

Charges will move when there is an electrical potential energy(voltage) difference in a conductor

How many milliamps in an amp?

1/1000 milliamps in one amp

Are magnetic field And currents directly or indirectly proportional

Directly proportional

But what kind of wave is current flow

sinusoidal waveform

What is a rectifier?

An electrical device that allows current to flow in One Direction

Covert current from AC to DC

Term for electrical pressure applied on electrons in a conductor

Voltage

Is There an x-ray driven by an induction motor

Yes, anode is driven by a rotor attached to induction motor

What is an electromagnet?

When a coiled conductor becomes magnetized in the magnetic lines interact with electric fields in the coil

What is an image in radiation therapy?

An x-ray to verify isocenter and treatment portal, And or a CT for tumor localization

What is the rotor of the induction motor?

Center of induction motor, made of copper and iron

1 coulomb = ? Electrons

6.2×10^18

Isocenter is only verifiable at

90 degrees

What angle will produce the Most amount of voltage

90°

When is resistance half?

When diameter of conductor is doubled

What is the stater of the induction motor?

Even number of electromagnets placed around Rotor

What type of electrical material is silver and copper?

Conductors

What type of material creates magnetic fields?

superconductor

The relationship between current, ferromagnetic core, and changing magnetic fields is called

Electromagnetic induction

The unit of current defined as 1 coulomb of electric charge flowing per second is the

Ampere

The force or electrical pressure that produces electron movement and current flow is called

Voltage

An electric ____ converts mechanical energy into electrical energy.

Generator

AC motors that operate on the principle of mutual induction are called

Induction motor

Unit of measure for radioactivity

Becqueral

The rate at which energy is used is called

Power

The anode end of a tube

Is the positive end

Electrons flow in response to the difference in pressure or ____in a circuit.

Potential

The unit of voltage or electrical potential difference is measured in volts and is sometimes called the

Electromotive force

Ohms laws studied the relationship between

Resistance, voltage, current

What is the name of the motor in the X-ray tube

Rotor and stator

What does the rotor and stator do in the X-ray tube

Rotates the anode(positive end) help disperse the x ray

Is there an X-ray tube in the linac

Yes

Types of electrical material

Conductors, insulators, semiconductors, superconductors

Conductor

Electrons move freely, electric current will flow easily

Insulator

No current flow, electrons are fixed

Semiconductor

Act as conductor or insulator

Sends electrons in ONE direction

Superconductor

Current will flow continuously once started

Zero resistance to low temps

Produces magnetic fields in mri machines

Electrodynamics

The study of moving electric charges

What is the induction motor in the X-ray rube

Rotor and stator

What is a capacitor

For storing energy

What plane is the patient being scanned with for ct simulation

Axial (like cuts in a loaf of bread)

What is the name of the image created in sim (ct slices)

Digital reconstructed radiograph (DRR)

What imaging Is done 90 degree apart

Orthogonal imaging

Only able to identify isocenter at 90 degrees

Orthogonal imaging (not treatment its IMAGING)

Parallel opposed portal (POP) (IS A TREATMENT)

180 degree apart

mA

Mili-amperage

mAs

How much (current flow)

What is the 4th dimension used in linac/ct

Breathing (gating)

How is POP treatment done

AP to PA or RL-LR laterals

Orthogonal imaging gives the

Isocenter

Rectifier

Type of semiconductor that allows current to flow in one direct only (converts AC to DC)

AC current

Alternating current, current can travel in both directions

DC current

Current moves in one direction

True or false there’s a vacuum affect inside X-ray tubes

True helps ions move from cathode to anode

What does an X-ray tech have to account for

Quantity (amount)

Ma - miliamps

S- seconds

MAs - (how much)

Quantity(penetration)

KvP/Kv

Mv

Electric current

Flow of electron over set amount of time

MA(s)

Amps(time)

Amount of X-ray or the current flow

What is the circulator used for in a linac

Makes electrons flow in one direction ( like valve in vein/lymph system)

Increase in voltage means

Increase in amps

Potential difference is the

Quality (penetration)

Electrical potential difference measured in

Volts