Task F--techniques of flight instruction

also includes task G--risk management, which was recently incorporated into task F

Obstacles to learning during flight instruction (acronym)

I PAAW

Impatience

Physical discomfort

Anxiety

Apathy

Worry/lack of interest

Unfair treatment

How do you assess risk

Likelihood of an event

Probable

Occasional

Remote

Improbable

How do you assess severity of an event

Catastrophic — crash

Critical — engine out

Marginal — tire loss

Negligible — lose com 1 but not 2

what can you use to assess risk?

FRATS tool!! flight risk assessment tool. It’s a website. Give your flight a score and don’t fly if the score is too high

5 elements of flight instruction

explanation

demonstration

student performance — they follow correct procedures

instructor supervision

evaluation

regarding talking, you should keep in mind 2 things

sterile cockpit taxi takeoff landing, and positive exchange of controls

how do you introduce risk management to a pvt student

PAVE and IMSAFE, then have them develop personal minimums, go arounds, flight planning, emergencies, NWKRAFT

t/f: you should introduce distractions to your student

true—it increases risk of stall/spin but is inevitable. Ask them to get things out of your bag for you so they can learn to divide attention/multi-task/prioritize

define integrated flight instruction

students are taught to perform maneuvers outside 90%, but cross check inside with instruments

When is a student ready to solo (acronym)

CAAGE TAP

checklist

aircraft

acceptable takeoff and landing

go arounds

emergency situations

traffic pattern etiquette

ability to deal with unexpected challenges

proper radio coms

ADM decide model

detect

estimate

choose

identify

do

evaluate

hazardous attitudes acronym

IMAIR

anti-authority

macho

impulsivity

invulnerability

resignation

principles of risk management — acronym

AAIM
accept no unnecessary risk

accept risk when benefit outweighs costs

integrate risk management into all levels (IMSAFE, PAVE, 5Ps)

Make risk decisions at appropriate level

define severity

extent of possible loss

define probability

likelihood that a hazard will cause a loss

5 Ps

plan

plane

pilot

pax

programming (avionics, stay ahead of the plane)

define ADM

a systematic, mental approach used by pilots to consistently determine the best course of action in response to flight circumstances. ADM includes SRM and CRM

warning signs of fatigue

eyes going in and out of focus

head bobs involuntarily

persistent yawning

spotty short term memory

erroneous performance of routine procedures

degradation of control accuracy

CRM involves…

leveraging all available resources to ensure safety

SRM uses what checklist

5P (pilot, plan, plane, pax, programming) and go/no go decision

CVR is the

cockpit voice recorder

operational pitfalls

lack of situational awareness, get-there-itis

types of hypoxia

hypoxia (insufficient pressure available—not lack of oxygen), hypemic (anemia, sickle cell, CO poisoning), histotoxic, stagnant

hypoxia symptoms

cyanosis, headache, impaired judgement, decreased response time, euphoria, dizziness, tunnel vision, drowsiness, tingling in fingers

time of useful consciousness at 20000MSL

30 mins or more

above FL410 you should have what kind of oxygen system

quick-donning, and you must wear it when the other pilot leaves

how can you tell if a plane is pressurized?

they tend to have smaller rectangular windows to create fewer weak points

altitude physiology changes in response to hypoxia

increase respiration, chemical changes, increased production of red blood cells beginning as low as 5000-10000 feet

dysbarism

term for physiological disorders brought aboyt as a result of changes in pressure

basic requirments to have cabin pressurization

cabin structure strong enough to withstand pressure changes

source of compressed air

regulation system for inflow, outflow, and pressure changes

kalitta 66 incident

pilot was hypoxic due to loss of cabin pressure

t/f: statistically, you’re safer in a plane at 30,000ft than you are driving to the airport

true

aloha 243 (n73711)

front third of the 737 cabin ripped off and they experienced rapid decompression. Expanding and contracting of the metal airframe due to pressurization/depressurization caused aluminum to tear apart

hyperventilation solution

have them talk/read a checklist

if you have sinus problems, you should do the ____ maneuver or chew gum

valsalva

name for fluid inside ear and the nerve for balance

vestibular nerve, cochlear fluid

3 components of spatial orientation

kinesthetic, visual, vestibular

the leans

prolonged turn, when level you think you are still turning

Coriolis illusion

you feel like youre moving on an entirely other axis

graveyard spiral

you think youre straight and level but you are in a bank, you tighten the turn, and spin

somatographic

inversion illusion

elevator illusion

false horizon

common at night time or in haze. Align yourself with false horizon

autokinesis

something in the distance appears

wide runway you come in (high/low)

high

narrow runway you come in (high/low)

low

upslope runway

how long does it take to adapt to night vision? should you look direct or off-center?

30 mins, off-center

with featurless terrain, you seem higher/lower than you actually are

higher

easy way to remember position light colors

cfi making money = right light is green

student is burning money = left side is red

motion sickness solution

avoid turbulence, acclimate with shorter flights, fresh air vents, avoid unnecessary head movements, look outside

CO poisoning symptoms and solution

blurred vision, headache, dizziness, drowsiness.

Close vents, open windows, heat off and land. Seek medical attention asap

fatigue is the body’s response to

physical and physiological demands

decompression sickness

nitrogen dissolves and bubbles out, causing extreme joint pain, potentially stroke, blindness, collapsed lung

uncontrolled ascent—

below 8000ft wait 12 hours

above 8000ft wait 24 hours

controlled ascent—

24 hours no matter what

t/f: decompression sickness is rare in pressurized aircraft

true