RAD Protection II ch.6 TEST

know why the body provides a food source to ensure efficient cell operations

release of energy, supplied with oxygen to break down food, have enough water to transport inorganic substances

know what proper cell function enables

body as a whole can maintain homeostasis/equilibrium

summarize the cells job

cells engaged in an ongoing process of obtaining energy and converting it to support their vital functions

know what protoplasm carries on (3):

metabolism, reception and processing of food and oxygen, converting it to support their vital functions

know what metabolism enables within the protoplasm

enables the cell to synthesize proteins and produce energy

know what the biomolecules that compromise protoplasm are formed from

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen

know the 2 most important inorganic substances found in protoplasm

water and mineral salts (electrolytes)

know the importance water plays inside the protoplasm

water aids in sustaining life and is the most abundant inorganic compounds in the body

know the roll that mineral salts play inside protoplasm (2)

help produce energy and aid in the conduction of nerve impulses

know 4 major classes of organic compounds

proteins, carbs, lipids, nucleic acid

know what proteins are essential for

growth, construction of new body tissue, and repair

know how proteins are formed

when amino acids combine into long, chainlike molecular complexes

know what the process of protein synthesis does to a cell

order of arrangement of amino acid determines precise function of each protein molecule and type of proteins that cells contain characteristics/genetics

know what the body’s primary defense mechanism against infection is

antibodies

know what carbohydrates are also known as

saccharides

know what the primary functions of carbohydrates are

provide fuel for cell metabolism (short term fuel for body)

know the 2 types of nucleic acids

DNA and RNA

know what DNA macromolecule is composed of

2 long sugar phosphate chains and twist around each other in a double helix and are linked in pairs of nitrogenous organic bases

know what DNA is sometimes referred to as

master chemical

know what constitutes the genetic code

nitrogenous base pairs

how is each persons DNA different

due to small difference sin base pair arrangements

know what chromosomes are composed of

protein, genetic material DNA

know the inorganic compounds found inside the body

inorganic acids, inorganic bases, salts (electrolytes)

know what primary inorganic substance found inside the body and how much it makes up of the body %

water- makes up about 80-85% of the body’s weight

be able to describe the importance of water INSIDE the cell

necessary for metabolic activities because its where chemical reactions occur. Also is a solvent keeping compounds dissolved

be able to describe the importance of water OUTSIDE the cell

functions as a transport vehicle for materials the cell uses or eliminates. Also responsible for maintaining constant body temp of 98.6. Also lubricate for digestive systems and joint

know the function of salts inside the body

keep the correct proportion of water in the cell

know what the cell membrane is made up of

lipids and proteins

know what functions of a cell membrane are

functions as a barricade to protect cellular contents from the outside environment

know how the cell membrane plays a primary role in the cells transport system

allows only penetration by certain types of substances and regulates the speed these substances travel within the cell

know where all cellular metabolic function occurs at

cytoplasm

know how the function of each cytoplasmic organelle is determined

DNA which is located in the cell nucleus separated from the cytoplasm

know why endoplasmic reticulum is called highway system of a cell

a vast irregular network of vesicles interconnecting in all directions throughout the cytoplasm. Enables cell to communicate and transfer food

know what Golgi apparatus is also called and know what it does

Golgi bodies, hauls freight within and out of the cell. Complex minute vesicles that extend from the nucleus to the cell membrane

know why mitochondria is known as the powerhouse of the cell

because they supply energy to the cell

know why ribosomes are referred to as “protein factories”

manufacture (synthesize) the various proteins that cells require by using blueprints provided by mRNA

be able to summarize what the nucleus does

controls cell division, multiplication, and the biochemical reactions that occur within the cell

know 2 types of cell division and be able to describe them

mitosis- a parent cell divides to form 2 daughter cells identical to the parent cell(somatic cells)

Meiosis- cell division that reduces number of chromosomes in each daughter cell to ½ (reproductive cell division)

know what phase of the cellular life cycle mitosis is

last phase of the cycle (M phase)

know what interphase is

the period of cell growth before mitosis where cells are not yet undergoing division during this phase

be able to list 4 phases of mitosis

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

know what must happen before a male and female cell unite to produce a new organism

the number of chromosomes in each must be reduced by ½ to ensure daughter cells have 46 chromosomes

what is a monozygotic (identical) twin

fertilized ovum splits after fertilization and 2 separate offsprings develop

what are fraternal twins

separate ootids (more than 1) and separate ootids are fertilized by separate spermatozoa