apush

CSA

Government formed by 11 southern states that seceded to protect slavery and state sovereignty.

Cornerstone Speech

Alexander Stephens’ speech stating slavery and white supremacy were the foundation of the Confederacy.

Jefferson Davis

President of the Confederate States of America.

Fort Sumter

First armed conflict of the Civil War (April 1861).

Anaconda Plan

Union strategy to blockade the South and control the Mississippi River.

King Cotton Diplomacy

Confederate strategy to gain foreign recognition by leveraging cotton exports.

Contrabands

Escaped enslaved people considered enemy property by the Union.

First Battle of Bull Run

First major battle; showed the war would not be short.

Battle of Antietam

Bloodiest single day of the war; led to Emancipation Proclamation.

Emancipation Proclamation

Freed slaves in Confederate-held territory.

Battle of Gettysburg

Turning point of the war; Lee’s last invasion of the North.

Gettysburg Address

Lincoln redefined the war as a fight for democracy and equality.

Siege of Vicksburg

Union gained control of the Mississippi River.

Total War

Strategy targeting civilian infrastructure to destroy enemy morale.

Sherman’s March to the Sea

Total war campaign destroying the Southern heartland.

Appomattox Court House

Site of Lee’s surrender to Grant.

13th Amendment

Abolished slavery.

10% Plan

Lincoln’s lenient Reconstruction plan.

Wade-Davis Bill

Radical Republican Reconstruction plan (pocket vetoed).

Freedmen’s Bureau

Federal agency aiding formerly enslaved people.

Black Codes

Southern laws restricting African American freedom.

Sharecropping

Labor system trapping farmers in debt.

14th Amendment

Guaranteed citizenship and equal protection under the law.

15th Amendment

Voting rights regardless of race.

Ku Klux Klan

White supremacist terrorist organization.

Force Acts

Laws allowing federal suppression of KKK violence.

Redeemers

Southern Democrats who dismantled Reconstruction.

Compromise of 1877

Ended Reconstruction by removing federal troops.