Chp 21 cont.

What are the 3 charecteristics that distinguish specific immunity from general immunity?

systematic effect
specificity
memory

What is the systematic effect in the immune system?

a whole body response

What is specificity in the immune system?

immunity directed against a particular pathogen

What is memory in the immune system?

ability to react quickly when re-exposed

What are charecteristics of T-cells?

direct attack cells
memory cells
tissue/cell immunity

What are charcteristics of B-cells?

produce antibodies
memory cells
blood-mediated

What makes a molecule an antigen?

molecule must be complex
molecule must be large

What is an epitote?

part of the pathogen we can recognize

What kind of molecule makes up allergies?

small and complex molecules

What causes allergies?

allergen will bind to bigger molecule and seems like pathogen
immune system will overreact

What are the 3 catagories of lymphocytes?

t-cell
b-cell
natural killer cell

What are the 3 stages in life for a T-cell?

born in bone marrow
educated in thymus
deployed to carry out immune function

How do T-cells become educated?

made to mature and develop surface antigen
cells put to test to see if they can remember pathogens, if not they die

What is negative selection with T-cells?

process where surviving t-cells respond only to suspicious antigen

What is the naive lymphocyte pool?

t-cells that have not yet encountered a foreign antigen

What are the stages of life for B-cell?

born in bone marrow
leave and go to lymphatic tissue
synthesize antigens

Why are antigen presenting cells important for T-cell function?

t-cell cant recognize antigens on own, need APC

When do MCH-II protiens occur?

only on APC and display foriegn antigen

What is the purpose of MCH protiens?

to act like a secret handshake for our own cells to recognize each other

What are the 3 phases of T-cell activiation?

recognition
activation
attack

What is the recognition stage for T-cell activation?

APC present epitote to cell
epitote on MHC-II protien
t-cell inspects MHC

What is the activation stage for T-cell activation?

t-cell binds to MCH
has to bind twice in order to activate, called costimulation

What is the attack stage for T-cell activation?

t-cell makes clones
they either help kill infected cell or act as memory cells

What is the recognition stage in B-cell activation?

antigen binds to b-cell
binds to multiple receptors
b-cell consumes antigen

What is the activation stage in B-cell activation?

helper t-cell binds to b-cell and secretes interlukens
activates b-cell

What is the attack stage in B-cell activation?

goes through colonal selection and creates plasma cells
plasma cells create antobodies
also creates b-cell memory

What is the importance and life span of T-cells?

when re exposure happens they are very quick to launch attach
can live for deacdes

What is the role of helper T-cells?

coordinates humoral and cellular immunity
secerete interleukins
increase 3rd line of defense response

What is the role of cytotoxic T-cells?

directly attack other cells
docks on foriegn cell to attack

What do regulatory T-cells do?

help keep killer t cells in check

How does HIV effect the immune system?

hides in helper t cells and macrophages
effects 3rd line of defense

What are autoimmune diseases?

failure of body to distinguish self antigens from foriegn ones

What are 3 immune repsonses that can indicate a immune system disorder/deficiency?

reacts too vigorous
react too weak
misdirected against wrong target