ALL PHARM CH. 1-28

What describes sources of materials for remedies in ancient times?

remedies such as herbals, plants, roots, & religion have been used throughout history

Which scientist made major contributions to the field of genetics?

Gregor Mendel (famous scientist & monk) laid the foundation for genetics & how genes are woven into heredity known as the father of genetics

The definition of an opioid

created from opium by the opium poppy & reacted to receptor located in the central nervous system

What tasks may advance Pharmacy Technicians perform?

order drugs & supplies, or are working in a clinical setting or quality control

What are maggots and leeches medically used for?

to repair the tissue that have been severely damaged, ex: patients that have undergone surgery, skin grafts, or patients with infections

How many continuing education (CE) hours does a certified pharmacy technicians need to maintain certification

20 hours of continuing education every two years

Name some nondiscretionary duties for a Pharmacy Technician?

preparing & dispensing medication, labeling, packing, communicating with patients, maintaining cleanliness

Describe different levels of Pharmacy Technicians

addition levels depends on level of national certifications & require passing specific exams

Skills and knowledge that an entry-level pharmacy technicians should have

posses skills in pharmacology, laws & regulation, compounding, medication safety, inventory, & billing

Things that should be avoided when applying for pharmacy technician jobs

lack of training, certifications, job requirements

Side effects associated with opioid receptors

become addictive, immunosuppression, respiratory depression

The first vaccine, developed in 1796, prevented what condition

developed by Edward Jenner, vaccine for small pox

Who developed the Polio vaccine?

Jonas Salk

Where was the first pharmacy opened

United States military

Who were the first Pharmacy Technicians

enlisted in the military because of the high demand for medications to treat injuries and illness

Organization that created the first national examination for Pharmacy Technician

created in 1995 Pharmacy Technician Certification Board (PTCB)

New Pharmacists must obtain which credential

need strong in depth and broad communication skills to communicate effectively with doctors, other health care team members & patients

Who should have the skill-sets of pharmacology, laws & regulations, compounding, and medication safety

Pharmacy Technicians

What is OBRA '90

an act that states a pharmacist must offer to counsel patients at the time of purchase include Medicaid

Medications that are derived from plants

honey, caffeine, ephedrine, & more

Which organization licenses pharmacists

National Association of Boards of Pharmacy (NABP)

Who can take new prescriptions over the phone

only pharmacists

Who discovered penicillin

Alexander Fleming, discovered by accident in 1928

Can Pharmacy Technicians counsel patients

no only pharmacist

1906 Pure Food & Drug Act (FDA)

prevent mislabeling or misbranding of medicines, stops sales with inaccurate of drugs, prove drugs through science, show prove of the affect

1987 Prescription Drug Marketing Act

helps avoid counterfeit drugs and ingredients in the supply chain & also helps limit diversion of pharmaceutical samples & prescription drugs

1938 Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act

describes the exact labeling for products & defined misbranding & adulteration as illegal, also required drug companies to include package inserts & directions to the consumer regarding safe use

1951 Durham-Humphrey Amendment

added more instructions for drug companies & required the labeling “Caution: Federal Law Prohibits Dispensing Without A Prescription”

2005 Combat Methamphetamine Epidemic Act (CMEA)

regulates the sale of pseudoephedrine (an ingredient to use to make methamphetamine), strict guidelines pharmacist or pharm tech may dispense, sell, or distribute this medication

2010 Affordable Care Act

health care reforms make preventive care more accessible and affordable for many Americans, requires insurance companies to cover all applicants with new minimum standards including individuals with preexisting conditions

1996 Health Insurance Portability & Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA)

privacy rules are meant to protect certain health & national standards information

1970 Controlled Substance Act

formed to enforce the laws concerning controlled substances & their distribution, created stair step categories of controlled substance (schedules I-V)

What is exempt from the 1970 Poison Prevention Packaging Act?

requires all child proof easy open caps, includes brother OTC & legend drugs

What information do drug monographs include

package inserts or official prescribing information or professional labeling

Because of the 1990 omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act what is required by pharmacists

counsel of patients, requires pharmacists to counsel at patients who receive new prescriptions

What can pharmacy technicians not do under HIPAA?

share personal information about patients & provide medical advice to patients

Class I

highest level, deals with products that could cause serious harm or prove fatal

Class II

next level, deals with products found to cause a temporary health problem or to pose a slight threat of serious harm

Class III

lowest level, used for products that may have minor defect or other conditions that would not harm the patient but that prevents the drugs from being resold

What are ethics

the values & morals used with a profession

Category A

adequate & well controlled studies have failed to demonstrate a risk to the fetus in the first trimester of pregnancy

Category B

animal reproduction studies have failed to demonstrate a risk to the fetus and no well controlled studies in pregnant women

Category C

studies have shown an adverse effect on the fetus and there are no adequate well controlled studies in humans

Category D

positive evidence of human fetal risk based adverse reaction data from investigational or marketing experience or studies on humans

Category X

studies in animals or humans have demonstrated fetal abnormalities & their is positive evidence of human fetal risk based on adverse reaction data

Which controlled schedule are LSD, crack cocaine, marijuana, molly & heroin

C-I: drugs that have no accepted medical use in the United States

Which controlled schedule are Hydrocodone/APAP, OxyContin, fentanyl, Ritalin, & Dexedrine

C-II: high potential for abuse used for medicinal purposes

Which controlled schedule are APAP/codeine, ketamine, & testosterone

C-III: potential for abuse under this schedule is less than that of controlled substances under C-II

Which controlled schedule are diazepam, lorazepam, & phenobarbital

C-IV: potential for abuse low compared, abuse may lead to limited physical or psychological dependence

Which controlled schedule are Cheratussin AC, diphenoxylate/ atropine & Robitussin AC

C-V: low potential for abuse compared with C-IV drugs

Who can sign Form 222

must be signed by a pharmacist or a person who has been legally assigned power of attorney by that pharmacist

How many refills can a C-II prescription have

may never be filled

How many refills can C-III to C-V prescriptions have

drugs are refilled, the following prescription are needed providing: pharmacist initials, refill date, & the amount of drug that is refilled

What are the purposes of the The Joint Commission

an independent, non profit organization that accredits hospitals & other health care organizations in the United States, required to be eligible for Medicare & Medicaid payments

What are the purposes of OSHA

US agency that oversees safety in the workplace, created by Safety Data Sheet (SDS) requirements

Form 224

to dispense controlled substance

Form 225

to manufacture or distribute controlled substances

Form 363

to manage a controlled substances treatment program or compound controlled substances

Form 222

to order or transfer schedule II substances

Form 41

authorization to destroy damaged, outdated, or unwanted controlled substances

Form 510

for retail pharmacies that want to engage in wholesale distribution of bulk quantities of drugs containing pseudoephedrine, phenylpropanolamine, or ephedrine

Form 106

for loss or theft of a controlled substance

INPATIENT

refers to pharmacies located in hospitals or institutions in which patients stay overnight or longer, depending on the procedures they require

COMMUNITY/RETAIL

setting can be difficult because of the close interaction with patients & tests communication skills and stress levels of the technicians who work in the public, job has high volume of interaction on the phone

CLOSED DOOR PHARMACY

these pharmacies are not open to the public & they are normally based away from institutional sites, couriers deliver the medications to home health clients, processing prescriptions medications for patients weekly or monthly

MAIL ORDER

dispenses prescriptions medications & ships them directly to patients, offering conveniences & often cost savings

What are pharmacy technicians also known as?

pharm techs, assist pharmacists in dispensing medications & managing pharmacy operations

Which organization oversees state BOP's?

the National Associations of Boards of Pharmacy (NABP)

How many CE credits are needed to maintain national certification?

continuing pharmacy education credits for a total of 20 hours every 2 years

Examples of soft skills

communication skills, teamwork & collaboration, adaptability, problem solving, critical observation, & conflict resolution

How much is the pharmacy technician job market expected to grow according to the B.L.S. (Bureau of Labor Statistics)?

expected to grow by 7% by year 2028

Which organization coordinates the only U.S. based standard of accreditation for pharmacy technician training programs?

the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (ASHP)

Which level or type of pharmacy technician has earned national certification?

Certified Pharmacy Technician (CPhT)

Which level of pharmacy technician is granted permission to practice in a given occupation by an agency of the government?

Licensed Pharmacy Technician

PTCE and EXPCT enables a candidate after passing to carry what credential?

after passing PTCE & EXPCT enables an award of Certified Pharmacy Technician (CPhT)

What non-traditional job where pharmacy technician assists a pharmacist with radioactive drugs?

compounding, telepharmacy technicians, healthcare date, community health workers

Number of goals and objectives are incorporated in the ASHP model curriculum for pharmacy technician education and training.

45 goals

What specialty certifications did the 2011 CREST summit create?

consumer awareness, resources, education, state policy, & testing

What skills does a good problem solver have?

people who can explain a dilemma & how it should be approached, involving team members in devising a solution that provides measurable results

Who triages calls coming into 911 for poison control centers?

poison control call center operator

Why is it important to join a professional pharmacy technician association?

perks include a free CE courses & access to journals, opportunities to attend local, state, and national conventions & numerous networking possibilities, where you can advance your career

What does job searching involve?

search for specific jobs, be prepared for multiple interviews, contact the hiring manager directly, create maintain social media profiles, apply for numerous positions, & stay positive

What is included in the majority of professional resumes?

including your experience & obtaining references from your employers at those jobs

Dressing professional involves?

proper clothing, shoes, & hairstyle, unnatural hair color, facial jewelry, visible tattoos, and other feature that draws attention away from your personality

Being able to negotiate win-win situations to serve the best interests of the company and patients is called?

win-win negotiation

Examples of non verbal communication

facial expressions, gestures, posture, eye contact, physical contact

An impatient individual may display what types of non verbal communication

rolling your eyes or sighing loudly shows impatience & lack of respect for the customer

How to eliminate barriers to communication

first step in eliminating these barriers is to recognize each team member to be knowledgeable about the techniques used to overcome these obstacles, communication barriers are strong, cooperative team

Different types of written forms of communication

must be able to document information, procedures, & actions accurately and clearly

Different ways a person's voice can influence the information perceived

pitch, tone, volume, verbal, & vocal

Pharmacists need pharmacy technicians who are competent in what skill?

communication

What does the communication cycle consist of?

involves two or more individuals exchanging information, it consists of a sender, a receiver, a message, various channel of communication & feedback

Key components of a successful team

trust & communication

What to do if any part of a prescription is illegible

call prescriber for clarification, do not reply on another technician

Proper phone etiquette, for example putting people on hold

the technician should check back with the caller at 1-2 minute intervals reassure the patient that he or she has not been forgotten & to verify that the call has not been accidentally disconnected

What does articulation mean?

speak in clear, crisp words, & sentences

How can we improve vocal communication skills

1. try not to talk using the same all the time

2. do not talk too rapidly to a customer, may not be able to follow up

3. a lower pitch voice, high pitch can annoy the listener

4. speak in medium tone of voice so you can heard

What is empathy?

shows the customer that you see the situation from her/his point of you, when a patient thinks you understand how we she feels

What is an open ended question?

this gets you more than just a “yes” or “no” answer, it shows the patient that the conversation is not just one way & that you care about his or her perspective

How long does it take for judgments to be made after first meeting someone?

most people make a judgment of others within the first 30 seconds of meeting