Lecture 29 - Parasitic Flies

Flies in the order Diptera have ______ pair(s) of functional wings.

one

The second pair of wings in Diptera are modified into ______ used for balance.

halteres

Diptera undergo ______ metamorphosis.

complete

The life cycle of flies includes: egg → ______ → ______ → adult.

larva; pupa

The in between molting stages of flies are called ______.

instars

Most flies reproduce by laying ______, but some are ______ and deposit larvae.

eggs; viviparous

Tsetse flies exhibit ______ reproduction by depositing L3 larvae.

viviparous

Flies can act as ______ vectors or ______ vectors of disease.

biological; mechanical

Adult flies that feed on blood are classified as ______ parasites.

ectoparasites

Myiasis is defined as invasion of ______ tissue by fly ______.

living; larvae

Myiasis is also commonly called ______.

fly strike

In ______ myiasis, larvae usually feed on dead tissue but may become parasitic.

facultative

In ______ myiasis, larvae require a vertebrate host for development.

obligate

The New World screwworm is unique because it feeds on ______ tissue.

living

Mosquitoes, black flies, and biting midges belong to the suborder ______.

Nematocera

Horse flies and deer flies belong to the suborder ______.

Brachycera

Bots, house flies, and screwworms belong to the suborder ______.

Cyclorrhapha

Female Nematocera flies require a ______ meal for egg production.

blood

Nematocera larvae develop in ______ environments.

aquatic

Mosquito larvae are typically found in ______ water.

stagnant

Black fly larvae develop in ______ water.

running

Biting midges are commonly called ______ due to their small size.

no-see-ums

Mosquito larvae must come to the water surface to ______.

breathe

Mosquito development from larva to adult can occur in approximately ______ days.

4-14

Aedes mosquitoes are primarily active during ______ hours.

daytime

Culex mosquitoes are primarily ______ feeders.

nocturnal

Anopheles mosquitoes feed with their body in a ______ position (rear elevated).

angled

Only ______ (male/female) horse and deer flies require a blood meal.

females

Horse fly bites are ______ and can cause animal exhaustion.

painful

Tabanids are primarily ______ feeders (time of day).

daytime

Tabanids are important ______ vectors of disease.

mechanical

Cyclorrhapha flies breed in ______ material, not water.

decaying

The pupal case of Cyclorrhapha is called a ______.

puparium

Cyclorrhapha can be identified by ______ spiracles.

posterior

Larvae of parasitic Cyclorrhapha attach to hosts using ______.

mouth hooks

Larvae also possess bands of microscopic ______.

spines

Gasterophilus larvae migrate to the ______ of horses.

stomach

Bot fly eggs are laid on ______ of the horse.

hairs

Most bot infections are considered ______ pathogenic.

non

A possible complication of bots is ______ ulcers.

stomach

Hypoderma larvae create subcutaneous lumps called ______.

warbles

Warbles can damage cattle ______ quality.

hide

Larvae migrate through ______ tissue in the host.

connective

Improper timing of treatment can cause reactions near the ______ or ______.

spinal cord; esophagus

Cuterebra primarily infect ______ and ______.

rabbits; rodents

Dogs and cats are ______ hosts.

accidental

Cuterebra larvae can migrate to the ______ system causing neurologic signs.

nervous

Entry into dogs/cats is often through ______ rather than skin penetration.

body orifices

The face fly feeds on ______ and ______ secretions.

ocular; nasal

Face flies are biological vectors of ______ (eyeworm).

Thelazia

Face flies mechanically transmit ______, causing pinkeye.

Moraxella bovis

Horn flies live primarily on the ______ of cattle.

back

Horn flies can cause ______ loss and decreased production.

weight

Stable flies resemble ______ flies but are blood feeders.

house

Both male and female stable flies feed on ______.

blood

The New World screwworm species is ______.

Cochliomyia hominivorax

Screwworm larvae infest ______ tissue.

healthy

Suspected screwworm cases must be ______.

reported

Screwworm larvae can be identified by dark ______ trunks.

tracheal

Keds are ______ flattened flies.

dorsoventrally

Some keds lose their ______ after finding a host.

wings

Female keds deposit ______ larvae.

L3

Heavy infestations in sheep can cause ______.

anemia

Oestrus ovis larvae live in the ______ passages.

nasal

Nasal bots can cause ______ and decreased production.

irritation

Severe infestations may lead to ______ or death.

malnutrition