Peds Diseases

Aspirin

Should not be given to children under 18 years old.

Motrin

Should not be given to children under 6 months of age.

Fifth's Disease (Erythema Infectiosum)

Caused by Parvovirus B19; symptoms include low-grade fever and rashes.

Exposure period for Fifth's Disease

Contagious before the rash develops.

Symptoms of Fifth's Disease

Include a low-grade fever, runny nose, headache, and a slapped-cheek rash.

Treatment for Fifth's Disease

Symptom management, usually hydration.

Roseola (Sixth Disease)

Caused by Herpes Virus; characterized by high fever followed by a rash.

Symptoms of Roseola

Include high fever for 3-5 days, light pink non-itchy rash.

Complications of Roseola

Can include febrile seizures and viral meningitis.

Treatment for Roseola

Symptom management and hydration; Tylenol can be used for high fever.

Scarlet Fever

Caused by Group A Beta Hemolytic streptococcus; characterized by a red rash.

Transmission of Scarlet Fever

Spread through droplet and direct contact.

Symptoms of Scarlet Fever

Fever, red sore throat, flushed face, and 'strawberry tongue'.

Treatment for Scarlet Fever

Antibiotics; amoxicillin is first-line treatment.

Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease

Caused by Coxsackie virus; very contagious.

Symptoms of Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease

Include fever, painful lesions in the mouth, and flat red spots on the palms.

Treatment for Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease

Hydration, cleaning, and management of pain.

Rotavirus

Highly contagious; spreads through fecal-oral contact.

Symptoms of Rotavirus

Fever, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea.

Complications of Rotavirus

Can include dehydration and electrolyte imbalance.

Treatment for Rotavirus

IV and PO fluids; do not give anti-diarrheal medication.

Diphtheria

Caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae; requires isolation.

Symptoms of Diphtheria

Fever, anorexia, sore throat, and stridor.

Complications of Diphtheria

Include airway obstruction and myocarditis.

Treatment for Diphtheria

Antitoxin and antibiotics; vaccine available.

Chickenpox (Varicella)

Caused by Varicella-zoster virus; highly contagious.

Symptoms of Chickenpox

Fever, malaise, and itchy fluid-filled vesicles.

Contagious period for Chickenpox

1 day before the rash appears until all vesicles have healed.

Treatment for Chickenpox

Symptom management; vaccine available.

Measles (Rubeola)

Caused by Paramyxovirus; highly contagious.

Symptoms of Measles

Include fever, cough, conjunctivitis, and a red, blotchy rash.

Complications of Measles

Pneumonia, encephalitis, and death.

Treatment for Measles

Monitor respiratory status, supportive care.

Mumps (Parotitis)

Caused by Paramyxovirus; characterized by swollen face.

Symptoms of Mumps

Include fever, headache, swollen parotid glands.

Complications of Mumps

May include reproductive issues and meningitis.

Treatment for Mumps

Supportive treatment and antipyretics.

Rubella (German measles)

Caused by Rubella virus; requires isolation.

Symptoms of Rubella

Mild fever, rash starting on face, conjunctivitis.

Complications of Rubella

Hearing loss, vision changes, miscarriage during pregnancy.

Infectious Mononucleosis

Caused by Epstein-Barr virus; spreads through bodily fluids.

Symptoms of Mononucleosis

Fever, fatigue, swollen lymph nodes, sore throat.

Complications of Mononucleosis

Can include dehydration and splenic rupture.

Treatment for Mononucleosis

Corticosteroids for airway swelling and symptomatic care.

Pertussis (Whooping cough)

Caused by Bordetella pertussis; requires isolation.

Symptoms of Pertussis

Fever, runny nose, severe coughing fits.

Complications of Pertussis

Pneumonia, apnea, and possibly death.

Treatment for Pertussis

Antibiotics and supportive care.

Poliomyelitis

Caused by polio virus; spreads via fecal-oral and respiratory routes.

Symptoms of Poliomyelitis

Fever, sore throat, stiffness, CNS symptoms.

Complications of Poliomyelitis

Respiratory failure and paralysis.

Treatment for Poliomyelitis

No treatment, just symptom management.

Haemophilus Influenzae Type B (Hib)

Causes severe infections, requires isolation.

Symptoms of Hib infection

Include fever, chills, cough, and altered mental status.

Complications of Hib infection

Sepsis, pneumonia, and death.

Treatment for Hib infection

Antibiotics and supportive care.

Otitis Media

Can be viral or bacterial; ear infection causes ear pain.

Symptoms of Otitis Media

Ear pain, drainage, fever, irritability in toddlers.

Treatment for Otitis Media

Watch and wait, antibiotics if bacterial.

Impetigo

Caused by streptococcus bacteria; direct contact infection.

Symptoms of Impetigo

Crusted over red papules and low-grade fever.

Treatment for Impetigo

Topical antibiotics like mupirocin.

Ringworm (Tinea Corporis)

A fungal infection characterized by circular rashes.

Symptoms of Ringworm

Red, raised papules in a scaly ring.

Treatment for Ringworm

Antifungals.

Head Lice (Pediculosis Capitis)

Infestation by lice; requires treatment.

Symptoms of Head Lice

Itchy scalp, presence of lice or eggs on hair.

Treatment for Head Lice

Pediculicides and intense combing.

Scabies

Caused by human itch mite; extremely contagious.

Symptoms of Scabies

Itchy red bumps, especially in skin folds.

Treatment for Scabies

Scabicides.

Eczema

Chronic skin condition; often appears in childhood.

Symptoms of Eczema

Lesions after scratching, can start on face, hands.

Treatment for Eczema

Topical corticosteroids for symptom control.

Pinworms

Caused by Enterobius vermicularis; common in children.

Symptoms of Pinworms

Intense anal itching, trouble sleeping.

Diagnosis of Pinworms

Tape test to confirm presence of eggs.

Giardiasis (Giardia)

An infection caused by protozoan; spread via contaminated food.

Symptoms of Giardiasis

Diarrhea, abdominal pain, greasy stools.

Complications of Giardiasis

Can lead to dehydration and delayed physical growth.

Treatment for Giardiasis

Antibiotic treatment with Flagyl.

Hepatitis A and B

Vaccines available; commonly acute viral infections.

Hepatitis B vaccine schedule

First dose at birth, second at 1-2 months, third at 6-18 months.

Hepatitis C

Chronic infection with no vaccine available.