A level Biology Eukaryotic Cells Organelles

What do prokaryotic eukaryotic cells both have that seperates the inside form the environment??

A cell surface membrane

Describe the structure of a plasma membrane!

• Its made from a phospholipid bilayer

• The plasma membrane have proteins and cholesterol embedded in them

What is the role of the proteins in the cell surface membrane?

They can act as receptors.

What is the function of the plasma membrane?

• It controls the passage of organic molecule, ions, water and oxygen into and out of the cell

  • It also controls the removal of waste products

Describe the structure of the cytoplasm!

• Its made up of organelles suspended in the gel like cytosol

• 70% of the cytoplasm is made of water

  • The cytoplasm also contains proteins sugars ions and fatty acids

Describe the functions of the cytoplasm?

• Many metabolic reactions take place in the cytoplasm

  • Different organelles perform specific functions within the cytoplasm

What is the nucleus surrounded by?

The nuclear envelope

Describe the structure of the nuclear envelope!

• Its a double membrane structure that has many pores

• Both the inner and outer membranes of the nuclear envelope are phospholipid bilayers

What do he pores in the nuclear envelope do?

They control the passage of ions molecules and RNA between the nucleoplasm and cytoplasm

Describe the structure of the nucleus!

• The nucleus contains linear chromosomes that are made up of DNA

• Inside the nucleus is the semi solid fluid called nucleoplasm.

  • This is where you also find the chromatin and the nucleolus

What does mitochondria produce?

ATP

How does mitochondria make ATP?

Via aerobic respiration

Describe the structure of the mitochondria!

• They are oval shaped double membrane organelles that have their own ribosomes and DNA

• Each membrane is a phospholipid bilayer embedded with proteins

  • the inner layer of the membrane has folds called cristae

• The area surrounded by the folds is called the mitochondrial matrix

  • The matrix contains enzymes used for respiration

Describe the structure of chloroplast!

• They have DNA ribosomes and inner and outer membranes

• The space enclosed by the inner membrane contains a set of interconnected and stacked fluid filled membrane sacs called thylakoids

  • Each stack of thylakoids is called a granum

  • Grana are linked by lamellae

  • Lamellae are flat thin parts of thylakoid membranes

  • The fluid enclosed by the inner membrane that surrounds the grana is called the stroma

Where are ribosomal subunits formed?

The nucleolus

What does the golgi apparatus release?

Golgi vesicles

What is the name of a special type of goldi vesicle

Lysosomes

Describe the