BSC 114 Chapter 4b : Transcription, RNA processing
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36 Terms
What carries an organism's genotype?
Sequence of bases
What determines the phenotype?
Proteins expressed
What is the Central Dogma?
DNA → RNA → Protein
What processes occur in Central Dogma?
Transcription, Translation
How do eukaryotes modify RNA before translation?
RNA processing
What must mRNA do in eukaryotes after transcription?
Exit the nucleus
Where does transcription occur in eukaryotes?
Nucleus
What is synthesized during transcription?
RNA
What is a gene?
Segment of DNA transcribed
What signals does each gene have?
Start and stop
What separates genes in DNA?
Spacer DNA
What is a chromosome?
Long piece of DNA
What is a transcription unit?
DNA stretch downstream from promoter
What enzyme carries out transcription?
RNA polymerase
What defines each transcription unit?
Start signal and stop signal
What are the signals for transcription?
Promoter and terminator
What is a promoter?
Start signal
What is a terminator?
Stop signal
What is the TATA box?
Sequence TATA upstream
What is the start point?
RNA synthesis begins
What do transcription factors help bind?
RNA polymerase II
What is the whole complex referred to as?
Transcription initiation complex
What happens to short segments of DNA during transcription elongation?
Transiently single-stranded
How is the RNA molecule synthesized during transcription elongation?
Extended one nucleotide at a time
What is the direction of RNA synthesis?
5' to 3'
What is the product of transcription in prokaryotes?
mRNA
What is the product of transcription in eukaryotes?
pre-mRNA
What must pre-mRNA undergo?
RNA processing
Where is mRNA exported from?
nucleus
What is capping in RNA processing?
Modified nucleotide at 5' end
What is the purpose of capping?
Ribosome attachment, mRNA stability
What is polyadenylation in RNA processing?
Adenosine nucleotides at 3' end
What is the purpose of polyadenylation?
Increases mRNA stability
Why do genes contain introns?
Alternative RNA splicing
What does Alternative RNA splicing allow?
More than 1 polypeptide
What increases possible combinations in splicing?
More exons