Photoreception and Animal Skeletons

This collection of flashcards encompasses key concepts related to photoreception and the various types of animal skeletons discussed during the lecture.

Photoreception

Detection of light wavelengths using photopigments to transduce light energy into bioelectric signals.

Eye Spot (Ocellus)

The simplest type of eye found in many invertebrates, consisting of less than 100 photoreceptor cells and lacking a lens.

Ommatidia

Multiple units in compound eyes that use rhodopsin to absorb light and create motion-sensitive images.

Chemoreception

Detection of chemicals in the environment; in many aquatic invertebrates, taste and smell occur in the same receptors.

Taste receptors

Specialized cells that are sensitive to specific stimuli, such as salt, sweet, sour, bitter, and umami.

Olfaction

The sense of smell that relies on airborne chemoreception and leads to membrane depolarization.

Thermoreception

The ability to detect changes in temperature in the surrounding environment.

Electroreception

The sensing of electrical fields, used to detect prey or communicate with others.

Hydrostatic skeleton

A skeletal structure characterized by compartments with muscular walls filled with fluid, allowing shape change through muscle contraction.

Exoskeleton

A rigid external covering that provides support and protection for the internal tissues of an animal.

Endoskeleton

An internal skeletal structure composed of rigid bones that support the body and protect delicate internal parts.

Axial skeleton

Part of the vertebrate skeleton that forms the long axis of the body and provides sites for muscle attachment.

Appendicular skeleton

The part of the vertebrate skeleton that provides leverage for locomotion.

Compact bone

The dense outer layer of bone which is strong and provides structural support.

Spongy bone

The inner layer of bone that contains larger spaces and holds bone marrow, which produces blood cells.

Calcium carbonate

A type of material found in some endoskeletons that provides less durability compared to calcium phosphate.

Calcium phosphate

A component of bones providing weight-bearing strength, commonly found in vertebrates.