Psychology Exam Study Guide - Freud and Psychoanalytic Theory

A comprehensive set of vocabulary flashcards covering key concepts from Freud's Psychoanalytic Theory, sleep stages, vision and sensation, hormonal influences on stress, conflict and coping mechanisms, symptoms of various psychological disorders, and important psychological theories.

Das es (id)

The part of the psyche associated with the pleasure principle; often described as the monster in the horse-rider metaphor.

Das ich (ego)

The mediator aspect of the psyche that operates under the reality principle.

Das uber ich (superego)

The idealistic component of the psyche that incorporates the rules and morals internalized from parents and society.

Unconscious mind

The part of the mind where repressed sexual and aggressive urges are stored.

Anxiety

A feeling that arises when the ego fails to satisfy both the id and the superego.

N1 waves

Sleep waves that consist of Alpha waves and Myoclonic Jerks.

N2 waves

Sleep waves characterized by Sleep Spindles.

N3 waves

Delta waves; associated with deep sleep, physical renewal, and are the highest amplitude and slowest waves.

REM

A sleep stage where dreaming occurs, characterized by paralysis and increasing duration as the night progresses.

Sleep terrors

Episodes that occur during N3 sleep.

Typical sleep cycle duration

90 minutes.

REM function

The processing and synthesizing of memories, crucial for learning.

REM rebound theory

The theory that suggests learning and memory strengthen the need for REM sleep.

Sleeping pills

Medications that suppress REM sleep and disrupt normal sleep cycles.

Vision receptors location

Receptors for vision are located in the retina.

Rods

Photoreceptors situated in the periphery of the retina.

Higher frequency color

The color associated with violet or blue.

Opponent process theory

A theory stating that the opposite of yellow is blue.

Gestalt principle

A perceptual principle that helps explain reversible images through the concepts of figure and ground.

Estrogen and oxytocin

Estrogen increases while testosterone decreases oxytocin levels.

Cortisol

The hormone associated with short-term emotional memories.

Hippocampus

The brain structure that can be permanently damaged by long-term stress.

Delayed stress response

A response involving cortisol and the adrenal cortex.

Adrenal glands components

Made up of the adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla.

Healthier personal control type

Internal control is considered healthier.

Social Readjustment Rating Scale

A measurement of stress based on life change events.

Emotion-focused coping

A coping strategy used when stressed by a parent's divorce.

Approach-approach conflict

A situation where one must choose between two attractive options.

Magical thinking

A symptom often associated with schizophrenia.

Tired but wired

A common descriptor for bipolar disorder.

No guilt

A prominent symptom in antisocial personality disorder.

Borderline personality disorder

Characterized by a history of broken relationships and black and white thinking.

Fear of judgement

A defining trait of social anxiety disorder.

Agoraphobia

A fear related to being in marketplace scenarios.

Word salad

A term used to describe a symptom of schizophrenia involving nonsensical speech.

Pressured speech

Exhibited during episodes of bipolar disorder.

Delusions

False beliefs commonly associated with schizophrenia.

Psychosis

The most severe form of being removed from reality.

Delusion of reference

A specific type of delusion exemplified by John Nash's belief about secret messages in the newspaper.

Sublimation

The most mature defense mechanism, channeling unacceptable impulses into socially acceptable activities.