Biology Lecture Notes: Bacteria and Kingdom Protista

These flashcards cover key concepts related to bacteria and the kingdom Protista, focusing on their structures, reproduction, and significance in biological systems.

Cell wall

A rigid layer that surrounds the cell membrane of bacteria, providing structural support and protection.

Cell membrane

A semipermeable membrane that surrounds the cell, controlling the movement of substances in and out.

DNA

The molecular blueprint that contains the genetic information of an organism.

Mycoplasma

Organisms that lack a cell wall, are the smallest known living cells, and can survive without oxygen.

Kingdom Protista

A diverse group of single-celled eukaryotes which includes organisms such as Chrysophytes, Dinoflagellates, and Protozoans.

Chrysophytes

A group of protists that includes diatoms and golden algae, found in aquatic environments and known for their photosynthetic capabilities.

Diatoms

Microscopic algae with cell walls that form two thin overlapping shells, significant as primary producers in aquatic ecosystems.

Diatomaceous earth

Accumulated deposits of diatom cell walls over billions of years, used in various applications such as polishing and filtration.

Asexual reproduction

A method of reproduction that involves a single organism, where offspring are genetically identical.

Sexual reproduction in Protista

A reproductive process involving cell fusion and zygote formation, leading to genetic variation.