Radioactivity

Radioactivity

The spontaneous emission of radiation from a substance.

Alpha particles

Groups of two protons and two neutrons stuck together, same as the nucleus of a helium atom.

What do alpha particles carry?

A double positive charge.

Beta particles

Fast moving electrons formed when a neutron in an unstable nucleus is changed into a proton and an electron.

Gamma radiation

High energy electromagnetic radiation similar to x-rays, traveling at the speed of light.

What is the main difference between nuclear and chemical reactions?

Nuclear reactions change the composition of the nucleus, while chemical reactions do not.

Transmutation

The changing of one element into another element.

Half-life

The time taken for half the nuclei in any given sample to decay.

Example of alpha particle usage

Americium-241, commonly used in smoke detectors.

Example of beta particle usage

Carbon-14, used for carbon dating.

Example of gamma radiation usage

Cobalt-60, used to kill cancerous tissue and treat patients.