HESI A2 Chemistry Bond Types

Ionic Bond

Are you highly electronegative? Because the moment I saw you, I knew I had to give up my electron—and now I'm completely positive you're the one.

*metal + nonmetal, oppositely charged ions attract (metal - cation, nonmetal - anion)

ex. NaCl <---- Na+ + Cl-

Polar Covalent Bond

Are we a polar covalent bond? Because I feel the electronegativity between us

*unequal sharing, partial charges, electronegativity difference, dipole moment

Nonpolar Covalent Bond

Are we a nonpolar covalent bond? because i think we match perfectly

*equal sharing, similar or very similar electronegativity

Metallic Bond

between metals, atoms lose valence electrons easily making cations surrounded by free floating electrons, attraction between positive and negative ions holds metal together explaining malleable ductile nature

intermolecular forces

forces of attraction between molecules (not within like chemical bonds)

London Dispersion (Van Der Waal) Forces

weakest force

present in all molecules but only force in nonpolar

caused by temporary fluctuations within electron cloud, creating momentary dipoles

strength increases with:

more electrons

larger atoms/molecules

dipole-dipole forces

moderate force

happens within polar molecules

aligns molecules so that opposites attract (electronegativity difference)

hydrogen bonding

strongest force

a strong dipole-dipole interaction

occurs when hydrogen is bonded with F, O, N

H is strongly attracted to lone pairs on ^

single covalent bond

sharing one pair of electrons

double covalent bond

sharing two pairs of electrons

triple covalent bond

sharing three pairs of electrons

polarity

based on the difference in electronegativity values between elements involved in the bond