english - figurative language, sentence structure, parts of speech

10th grade english lit final review

Allusion

a reference to something

Analogy

A comparison between an object or idea to another to better explain something

Anaphora

Repetition of phrases at the beginning of a sentence

Anecdote

A personal story/experience that conveys a universal truth

Assonance

Repeated vowel sounds at the beginning of each word

Authorial purpose

The purpose, WHY the author writes a story/piece of literature

Cacophony

Harsh, dissonant, loud sounds

Caesura

A break in a line in a poem

Connotation

the emotional, cultural, or implied meanings that a word carries

Consonance

Repeated consonant sounds of words near each other

Contrast

a comparison of differences to convey a theme between two objects or ideas

Denotation

the literal/dictionary meaning of a word

Dissonance

a fundamental lack of harmony, agreement, or consistency

Eulogy

a tribute to someone that has passed (at a funeral)

Euphony

The quality of sounds being pleasing to the ear

Figurative language

Language that is used beyond its literal meaning

Internal Rhyme

 a rhyme in the middle of a sentence

Irony

A literary device using the difference between expectation and reality to convey meaning

verbal irony

when someone says the opposite of what they actually mean

situational irony

when the outcome of a situation is the exact opposite of what you reasonably expect to happen

dramatic irony

when the audience/reader knows crucial information that the characters do not

dramatic irony usage

builds suspense, tension, or humor because we are waiting to see how the character will react when they finally discover the truth

enjambment usage

pulls reader’s eye quickly down the page, building momentum/urgency/suspense and breaks away from predictable rhythms into a more natural/conversational flow

Metaphor

a comparison without using like or as

Meter

The rhythmic structure of a line in poetry

Mood

the emotional atmosphere or feeling a text evokes in the reader

Motif

A repeated object or symbol that conveys a hidden meaning

Ode

A tribute to someone or something

onomatopoeia

a word that phonetically imitates, resembles, or suggests the natural sound it describes

Paradox

A statement that is contradictory that conveys a hidden meaning

Rhythm

Organized pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables

Sensory Detail

 descriptive words that convey the 5 senses

Sibilance

Repeated harsh hissing sounds: “s”, “sh”, “z”, “ch”

Sonnet

A fourteen line poem usually written in a rhyme and meter

stanza

a grouped set of lines within a poem, typically separated from other stanzas by a blank line or indentation

Synecdoche

Using a part of something to refer to the whole

Symbol

An object or an idea that is repeated throughout a piece of literature to convey meaning

Syntax

The way a sentence is grammatically structured and built

Tone

the author’s attitude toward something and it contributes to the mood

Volta

a shift in the story

Noun

person, place, thing or idea

Pronoun

a word that takes the place of a noun

Verb

an action word

Adjective

A word that modifies a noun or pronoun

Adverb

A world that modifies a verb

Preposition

A word that shows the relationship between two nouns or pronouns

Conjunction

words that connect phrases, sentences, or words

Interjection

A word that expresses strong emotion and often stands alone

coordinating conjunction examples

for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so

simple sentences

only one independent clause

Compound sentences

two or more independent clauses combined by a coordinating conjunction

Complex sentences

one independent and dependent clause, connected by a subordinate conjunction

subordinate conjunctions

used in complex sentences, such as because, after, unless

Compound-complex sentences

multiple independent clauses and at least one dependent clause