Cell Structure and Organelles Practice Flashcards

A set of practice flashcards covering cell organelles, their structural features, and specific functions based on the lecture notes.

What is the location and function of the Nucleolus?

The Nucleolus is found inside the nucleus and contains Ribonucleic Acid needed to build proteins.

What is the function of the Endoplasmic Reticulum and what are its two types?

It moves materials around in the cell. The two types are smooth ER, which lacks ribosomes, and rough ER, which contains ribosomes.

What is the primary role of Ribosomes?

Ribosomes are responsible for making proteins and serve as the site of protein synthesis.

Why is the Mitochondria described as the "powerhouse of the cell"?

Because it produces energy through chemical reactions breaking down fats & carbohydrates.

What is the function of Chloroplasts and where are they found?

Chloroplasts contain green pigment needed for photosynthesis and are found in plant cells only.

What processes is the Golgi Apparatus or Golgi Body involved in?

It is the 'packaging of the cells' involved in the sorting, processing, and packaging of proteins.

What is the function of Lysosomes in the cell?

They contain digestive enzymes that break down macromolecules like proteins, nucleic acid, and polysaccharides, and they help destroy harmful bacteria.

How do Vacuoles compare between plant and animal cells?

Plant cells have a large vacuole, while animal cells have small vacuoles.

What is the function of the Cell Membrane?

It is the outer covering of the cell that controls the movement of materials in and out of the cell.

Where is the Cell Wall found and what is its purpose?

The Cell Wall is found in plant cells only; it supports & protects cells.

What is the role of the Nucleus?

The Nucleus directs all cell activities and serves as the command center of the cell where DNA, the storage of genetic information, is located.

What is the Nuclear Membrane and by what other name is it known?

The Nuclear Membrane surrounds the nucleus and is otherwise known as the nuclear envelope.