Electrolytes and Blood Transfusion Review

A set of vocabulary flashcards covering electrolyte levels/roles and blood transfusion procedures, components, and safety protocols based on lecture notes.

Calcium ($Ca^{2+}$) Normal Range

$$9-10.5\,mg/dL$$

Role of Calcium ($Ca^{2+}$)

Neuron stability, heart rate (HR), bones, and clotting factors.

Relationship between Calcium and Magnesium

$$\uparrow Ca^{2+} = \uparrow Mg^{2+}$$

Chloride ($Cl^-$) Normal Range

$$97-107\,mEq/L$$

Role of Chloride ($Cl^-$)

Helps neurons, muscle contraction, and digestion.

Phosphorus ($PO_4^{3-}$) Normal Range

$$2.8-4.5\,mg/dL$$

Role of Phosphorus ($PO_4^{3-}$)

Staying bones and teeth, and tissue growth/repair.

Relationship between Phosphorus and Calcium

$$\uparrow PO_4^{3-} = \downarrow Ca^{2+}$$

Autologus transfusion

Collection and reinfusion of a patient's own blood; can be taken during surgery and is safer for the patient.

Allogeneic Transfusion

Infusion of a donor's blood into a patient; in the US, blood goes through multiple tests for diseases such as HIV and HBV.

Hemolytic Response

A potentially life-threatening immune response that occurs when incompatible RBCs clump together.

Albumin

A blood product used for plasma volume expansion.

Fresh Frozen Plasma (FFP)

A blood product used to replace coagulation factors 5 & 11 and for the drug reversal of warfarin.

Universal Donor

Blood type O.

Universal Recipient

Blood type AB.

Blood component therapy

The IV administration of whole blood or a blood component.

Objectives for Blood Transfusions

To increase circulating blood volume after surgery, increase the number of RBCs to maintain hemoglobin levels in patients with severe anemia, and provide selective cellular components.

Preinfussion Assessment Verifications

1. Blood components delivered are the ones ordered; 2. Components are compatible with the patient's blood type; 3. The right patient receives the blood.

Verification Personnel

2 RN's and an LPN must check the blood label to verify the correct dose.

Initial Infusion Monitoring

Infusion should be slow for early detection of reactions; the provider must stay with the patient for the first 15 minutes of infusion.

Symptoms of Transfusion Reaction

$\uparrow HR$, $\uparrow$ Pulse, $\downarrow BP$, nausea/vomiting, $\uparrow temp$, chills, headache, chest pain, and back pain.