Chemical Reactions Notes

These flashcards cover key vocabulary terms related to chemical reactions, including definitions of different types of hydrocarbons, reactions, and rules.

Catalyst

A substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed in the process.

Alkane

A saturated hydrocarbon with single bonds only.

Alkene

An unsaturated hydrocarbon containing at least one carbon-carbon double bond.

Saturated

A compound that contains no double or triple bonds.

Unsaturated

A compound that contains one or more double or triple bonds.

Haloalkane

An alkane in which one or more hydrogen atoms have been replaced by halogen atoms (e.g., Cl, Br).

Haloalkene

An alkene in which one or more hydrogen atoms have been replaced by halogen atoms.

Markovnikov's Rule

In the addition of HX (where H is a hydrogen halide) to an alkene, the hydrogen atom is added to the carbon with the most hydrogens already attached.

Bromine Water Test

A qualitative test for unsaturation where bromine water is added to an alkene and decolorization indicates a reaction.

Propan-2-ol

Also known as isopropyl alcohol, it is a secondary alcohol.

Diene

A hydrocarbon containing two double bonds.

1⁰ alcohol

A primary alcohol where the hydroxyl group is attached to a carbon atom that is bonded to one other carbon.

2⁰ alcohol

A secondary alcohol where the hydroxyl group is attached to a carbon atom that is bonded to two other carbons.