Chp16

Lack of resistance to a disease

Susceptibility

Ability to ward off disease

Immunity

Defenses against any pathogen

Innate immunity

Immunity or resistance to a specific pathogen

Adaptive immunity

In innate immunity Skin,Mucous membranes, Normal microbiota are what line of defense

FIRST

In innate immunity phagocytes neutrophils,eosinophils,dendritic cells,macrophages Inflammation, fever and anti microbial substances are what line of defense

Second

Specialized lymphocytes T cells, B cells and Antibodies make up what line of defense

Third

What binds to Pathogen associated molecular patterns PAMPs

Toll-like receptors TLRs

What do TLRs induce

Cytokines

What do cytokines regulate

Intensity and duration of immune responses

What is our first line of defense

Skin

The epidermis consists of what

Tightly packed cells with keratin a protective protein

What traps microbes

Mucus

This transports microbes trapped in mucus away from lungs

Ciliary escalator

what washes our eyes

lacrimal apparatus

what washes off microbes

saliva

• What chemical defense is found in sebum

fungistatic fatty acid

what is the PH of skin

3-5

what enzyme is found in tears,saliva and urine

lysozyme

what is the ph of gastric juice

1.2-3.0

what is the pH of vaginal secretions

3-5

what makes up nonspecific immune cells

neutrophils

basophils

eosinophils

monocyte

lymphocyte

WBCs with granules in cytoplasm that are visible with a light microscope

Granulocytes

Neutrohils,Basophils,Eosinophils all belong to

granulocytes

Phagocytic; work in the early stages of infection and are really good at killing bacteria

neutrophils

release histamine; work in allergic responses

basophils

Phagocytic; toxic against parasites and helminths

eosinophils

monocytes,dendritic cells, lymphocytes belong to

Agranulocytes

Mature into macrophages in tissues where they are phagocytic

monocytes

found in the skin,mucous membranes,and thymus; phagocytic

dendritic cells

what does very well against viruses?

lymphocytes

WBCs with granules in their cytoplasm that are not visible with a light microscope

Agranulocytes

T cells,B cells and NK cells; play a role

lymphocytes

what percentage of your bloods WBCs are neutrophils

60-70%

what percentage of your bloods WBCs are basophils

0.5-1%

what percentage of your bloods WBCs are eosinophils

2-4%

what percentage of your bloods WBCs are monocytes

3-8%

what percentage of your bloods WBCs are lymphocytes

20-25%

from greek meaning to eat

phago

from greek meaning cell

cyte

what do phagocytes ingest

bacteria

what are the most biggest abundant phagocytic cells

macrophages

what are the two forms of macrophages

fixed macrophages

wandering macrophages

why do you need two different types of macrophages

fixed macrophages are set in specific spots such as heart or lungs and wandering macrophages are wandering around looking for bacteria

what activates acute pase proteins by the liver that cause vasodilation and increased permeability of blood vessels

inflammation

what different kinds of cytokines cause inflammation

histamine

kinins

prostaglandins

leukotrienes

cytokines

vasodilation and increased permeability of blood vessels

histamine

chemotaxis by attracting neutrophils

kinins

intensifies the effects of histamine and kinins and help phagocytes move through capillary walls

prostaglandins

increase permeability of blood vessels and help attach phagocytes to pathogens

leukotrienes

vasodilation and increased permeability of blood vessels

cytokines

what are some advantages to a fever

increases transferrins

increases IL-1 activity

produces interferon

what are some disadvantages toa fever

tachycardia

acidosis

dehydration

44-46 C Fatal

what is crisis

when your body temperature falls, vasodilation and sweating occurs

what is complement

a pathway of serum proteins

what causes cells to produce antiviral proteins that inhibit viral replication

IFN-Alpha IFN-Beta

what causes neutrophils and macrophages to phagocytize bacteria

IFN-Y (Gamma)