Unit 5 - Part 2 - Disorders: Explaining/Classifying: Anxiety/OCD/Trauma/Stressor Disorders: Depressive/Bipolar

30 vocabulary flashcards covering the definitions of psychological disorders, cultural specificities, and genetic research methods based on the lecture notes.

Psychological Disorder

A clinically significant disturbance in cognition, emotion, or behavior.

Dysfunction (disorder)

Refers to a disruption in daily functioning (social, occupational, etc.) that a disorder can cause.

Maladaptive (disorder)

Actions or thoughts that inhibit a person's ability to adjust to new or difficult situations.

Medical Model

The view that psychological disorders have biological causes and can be treated medically.

Diathesis-Stress Model

Disorders develop due to a genetic predisposition (diathesis) and environmental stressors.

Cultural Disorders

Mental health conditions that appear to be culturally specific, shaped by traditions, beliefs, and stressors.

Susto (cultural)

Belief that the soul has left the body due to a frightening event, causing fatigue, anxiety, and depression.

Taijin Kyofusho (cultural)

Social anxiety disorder marked by fear of offending others through body odor, or behavior.

Ataque de nervios (cultural)

An intense emotional episode involving screaming, crying, trembling, or fainting.

Epigenetics

The study of how environmental factors influence gene expression.

DSM-5-TR

The latest edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, used for diagnosing psychological disorders.

Anxiety Disorders

A group of disorders characterized by excessive fear and anxiety.

Social Anxiety Disorders

Intense fear of social situations and negative evaluation.

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Chronic, excessive worry about various aspects of life.

Panic Disorder

Sudden, intense panic attacks accompanied by physical symptoms like chest pain and dizziness.

Specific Phobia

An intense, irrational fear of a specific object or situation (animals, injury, situations, environment).

Agoraphobia

Fear of situations where escape may be difficult, leading to avoidance.

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

Repetitive, intrusive thoughts (obsessions) and ritualistic compulsions.

Trichotillomania

A compulsive disorder involving recurrent, irresistible urges to pull out one’s own hair.

Hoarding Disorder

A disorder marked by difficulty discarding possessions, leading to clutter.

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

Triggered by traumatic events, leading to flashbacks, nightmares, and anxiety.

Depressive Disorders

Mood disorders characterized by persistent sadness and loss of interest.

Major Depressive Disorder

A disorder marked by prolonged sadness, hopelessness, and lack of motivation.

Persistent Depressive Disorder

Chronic, low-level depression lasting two years or more.

Rumination

Overanalyzing negative thoughts and problems, which can worsen depression.

Bipolar I Disorder

Characterized by full manic episodes and depressive episodes.

Mania (bipolar)

A hyperactive, euphoric state associated with impulsivity and reduced need for sleep.

Bipolar II Disorder

Characterized by hypomanic episodes and depressive episodes.

Hypomania (bipolar)

A less severe form of mania without significant functional impairment.

Linkage Analysis

A genetic research method used to find the location of genes related to mental disorders by studying families with a history of the disorder.