B1

Prokaryotic Cells

Single-celled organisms with no membrane-bound organelles.

Nucleoid

The region in prokaryotic cells where genetic material is stored and regulates cell activity.

Ribosomes

Cell structures that make proteins.

Slime Capsule

A protective layer that prevents the cell from drying out and helps it to stick to surfaces.

Cell Wall

A structure made of peptidoglycan that provides support and protection to the cell.

Plasmids

Small DNA molecules within prokaryotic cells containing additional genes for survival.

Eukaryotic Cells

Single-celled organisms that have membrane-bound organelles.

Plasma Membrane

A barrier that protects the cell from its surroundings and regulates the movement of substances in and out.

Cytoplasm

The site of chemical reactions within a cell.

Nucleus

The control center of the cell that regulates cellular activity and stores DNA.

Nucleolus

The structure within the nucleus that produces ribosomes.

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

An organelle where proteins are synthesized.

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

An organelle where lipids are synthesized.

Vesicles

Small membrane-bound sacs that transport and store substances in a cell.

Golgi Apparatus

An organelle that modifies and packages proteins in vesicles.

Lysosomes

Organelles containing digestive enzymes that break down old organelles and pathogens.

Centrioles

Structures that form spindle fibers during cell division.

Mitochondria

Organelles where aerobic respiration occurs and ATP is produced.

Chloroplasts

Organelles where photosynthesis takes place in plant cells.

Vacuole

An organelle that stores water and other substances, maintaining turgor pressure in plant cells.

Tonoplast

The membrane that controls movement of molecules in and out of the vacuole.

Amyloplast

Organelles that store starch in plant cells.

Plasmodesmata

Channels between plant cell walls that allow for inter-cell communication.