AQA Biology Topic 1 - Alevel
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13 Terms
Monomer
Small units that are joined together to make larger units.
Polymer
Molecules made from a large number of monomers joined together.
Condensation reaction
A reaction that joins two molecules together with a chemical bond by the removal of a water molecule.
Hydrolysis
A reaction which separates molecules by breaking a chemical bond due to the addition of a water molecule.
Monosaccharide
The monomers which make up carbohydrates.
3 Monosaccharides
Glucose, galactose and fructose
2 isomers of glucose
Alpha-glucose beta-glucose
Disaccharides
2 monosaccharides bonded by a glycosidic bond which was formed via a condensation reaction.
3 disaccharides
Glucose + glucose = maltose + water
Glucose + Galactose = lactose + water
Glucose + fructose = sucrose + water
Polysaccharide
Polymers made up of many monosaccharides via condensation reaction.
3 polysaccharides
Glucose, starch and cellulose.
Proteins
Large polymers made up of amino acid monomers and are held together by peptide bonds which are formed via condensation reaction.
