Roman republic

The people of Rome were a part of what group of people? and where did they settle?

the Latin group and they settled in central Italy

What did the city of Rome start out as?

a series of villages spread across the seven hills

Nickname of Rome

Eternal city

3 most important hills

Capitoline hill, Palatine hill, Aventine hill

Capitoline hill was what center

political and religion center

Palatine hill was what center

Rich center

Aventine hill was what center

Comercial center where all the goods come and where all the poor live

What 2 classes were the roman society organized in

Patricians and Plebeian

Patricians were

rich landowners and government officials

Plebeians were

poorer, more numerous citizens

First part of the Roman name

Prenomen- Given name

Sec part of the Roman name

Nomen-Clan name

Last part of the Roman name

Cognomen- Nickname or branch name of family

Rome is initially a what?

A monarchy

The king of Rome was?

Lucius Taraquinius Superbus

Who was the King of rome’s son?

Sextus Taraquinius Superbus

Who was Sextus’s cousin?

Lucius Taraquinius Collatinus

Who was Lucius Collantinus wife?

Lucretia

What did Sextus do to lucretia?

he rapes her

What did lucretia do after she was raped?

she killed herself

why did lucretia kill herself?

to gain her honor back

Who threw out the last king of Rome?

Lucius taraquinius brutus- a patrician family

Who was the last king of Rome?

Lucius taraquinius superbus

The romans will have intense hate for what?

Kingship and tyrants

Modern day Southern France and Northern Italy destroys all of what?

Roman records and burns their city to the ground

Where did the halts romans expand?

North of po valley

The roman republic was a what?

Oligarchy

What is a Oligarchy

a form of power structure in which power rests with a small group of people

Most senators came from what kind of family?

Patrician family

Ages for each position

Questor-30, Aedile-36, Praetor-39, Consul-42

The senate heavily favored who?

Rich minority

What does Dignitas mean?

Clout or fame

What did the Plebeians fight for?

more rights

What is the twelve tablets?

written law code that the plebeians forced the patrician senate to create

Tribune of the plebs

officer who could veto any decision of the senate

How long was the term for Consuls?

1 year

What did the Consuls do?

They led romes armies against its enemies

what would the senate do in times of extreme crisis

they would elect a dictator

A dictator had control of what?

The government and armies

How long was a dictators term?

6 months

In the early republic roman culture taught that

all citizens must put the republic first

Case in point

Gaius mucius scaevole

City of clusium mentality

Lars Porsena

The roman army was known as

Legions and they were citizen soldiers

3 things that make Rome awsome

Rome's mentality, Rome's out of the box thinking, Romes almost unlimited supply of soldiers,

SPR means

Senatus Populusque Romanus

Whats the symbol that represents rome?

SPR

Velites

Very poor, no equipment, 10,000 of them in the army, owned no land

Eqvites

Horse warrior, 300 of them in the army, really good equipment, but not better than triarii

Triarii

Best land, Greater equipment, most experiance, 60 of them in army

Principles

Good amount of land, better equipment than Hastati, Had some experiance, 1,200 of them in army.

Hastati

Bare minimum of land, least amount of experiance, 1,200 of them in the army, poor equipment

What order did the maniple go in?

the velites; the hastati; the principes; the triarii on top; and the Eqvites on the sides

If you count all the troops in the Manipular “Polybian” Legion there  would be

4,300 troops.

Rome wages wars to dominate italy during the

4th century 400-300 B.C.E and made deals with neighboring cities

in 275 B.C.E the Greek cities of southern italy called who for help against roman aggression?

Pyrrhus of Epirus

Still in 275 B.C.E pyrrhus was forced to do what?

end the fight

Why did pyrrhus end the fight against the Romans?

because each fight he lost more and more soldiers

Pyrrhic victory-

A fight that cost too much for the winner

Romans expand outside of italy and make contact with who?

The Carthage

The Carthage was founded by

Phoenicians (From modern day Lebanon)

Carthage gained independence in

650 B.C.E

Carthage made advances in

Maritime (Sea) travel

.Carthage became a major power in the

Mediterranean

Carthage had the same government make up as

the Romans

Carthage worshiped who

Phoenician gods and Native north african gods

Why did Carthage and Rome go to war? (First Punic war)

over the island of sicily

Corvus

A big ladder/ bridge on a boat

When Carthage lost they were forced to give up what?

the islands of sicily, sardinia, and corsica

The only successful Carthage leader was?

Hamilar Barca

How did the Sec Punic war start?

invasion of Italy

Who led the invasion of italy

Hannibal Barca

Battle of trebia

Sec Punic war between Carthage and Rome

Who loses at the Battle of trebia

Romans with the loss of 27,000 troops

Who loses at the battle of lake Trasimene

Romans with the loss of 30,000 troops

Quintus Fabius Maximus Verrucosus

Roman Politician who was named dictator

Quintus Fabius Maximus Verrucosus refused to meet who in battle?

Hannibal

Where did Quintus Fabius Maximus Verrucosus attacked instead of meeting Hannibal?

Places where Hannibal wasn’t

Quintus Fabius Maximus Verrucosus was nicknamed

Cuncator (The Delayer)

216 B.C.E elected 2 consuls

Varro and Paulus

Who lose at the Battle of Cannae

Romans with the loss of 80,000 troops

Romans Choose to invade

lberia

liberia was conquered by who

Publius Cornelius Scipio

Scipio invades North of

Africa

Battle of Zama was fought were?

Northern africa

Scipio Defeats want general

Hannibal Barca

what was Scipio’s new cognomen after he defeats Hannibal

Africanus

What harsh punishments did the Romans have on the Carthage

They had to pay a lot of money,

They loss all their land except the area surrounding their city,

They couldn’t raise an army or navy without Rome’s approval

And they had to hand over Hannibal

Marcus Claudius Marcellus was born in what kind of family

Plebian

Marcus Claudius Marcellus was awarded the cognomen

Marcellus (Meaning unknown)

Marcus Claudius Marcellus was the 3rd roman to be awarded what

the spolla optima

Marcus Claudius Marcellus was the first to be

Historically Verified

Marcus Claudius Marcellus was known for

his brutal treatment of conquered areas

Marcus Claudius Marcellus was the only general to fight who and not lose?

Hannibal Barca

How was Marcus Claudius Marcellus killed

ambushed by carthaginian forces

Marcus Claudius Marcellus was given an honorable funeral by

Hannibal himself

Rome was now the greatest power in

the mediterranean

Rome conquers all of what

Greece

Rome Subdues or inherits

western Anatolia

Sec punic war and aftermath brings a lot of what culture to Rome

Greek culture